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Proof that the conjugacy class association scheme is an association scheme


If size of each conjugacy class is atmost $2$ then $G'leq Z(G)$On conjugacy class size of finite groups.Conjugacy class of $G$ splitting as Conjugacy class of $Hunlhd G$What is a conjugacy class of reflection?Are Aut-Equivalent classes the same as Conjugacy Classes?Abstract Algebra: Conjugates, Conjugacy Class, and Class EquationConjugacy class trivial proofNormal Group and Conjugacy ClassPartition of a conjugacy class to conjugacy classes of a normal subgroupShow that G has a conjugacy class of size 3.













3












$begingroup$


I was looking at the conjugacy class association scheme (where, given some group $G$, each conjugacy class $C_i$ gets a relation $R_i$, where $R_i=xy^-1in C_i$), and trying to show that it's an association scheme.



Defining a set $S_ij^k(x,y)=(x,g)in R_i,(g,y)in R_j$, one needs to show that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(z,w)vert$ for all pairs $(x,y),(z,w)in R_k$.



The approach that I've seen is that, for any $hin G$, $(xh,yh)in R_k$, so that if $g$ is such that $(x,g)in R_i,(g,y)in R_j$, then $(xh,gh)in R_i,(gh,yh)in R_j$. This gives a bijection between $S_ij^k(x,y)$ and $S_ij^k(xh,yh)$, so for all such pairs in $R_k$, the cardinality of $S_ij^k$ is the same. But if the size of the conjugacy class is more than one, there will definitely be some $y'neq y$ such that $(x,y')in R_k$, and then there is no $h$ such that $(xh,yh)=(x,y')$. So how can I show that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(x,y')vert$?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$
















    3












    $begingroup$


    I was looking at the conjugacy class association scheme (where, given some group $G$, each conjugacy class $C_i$ gets a relation $R_i$, where $R_i=xy^-1in C_i$), and trying to show that it's an association scheme.



    Defining a set $S_ij^k(x,y)=(x,g)in R_i,(g,y)in R_j$, one needs to show that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(z,w)vert$ for all pairs $(x,y),(z,w)in R_k$.



    The approach that I've seen is that, for any $hin G$, $(xh,yh)in R_k$, so that if $g$ is such that $(x,g)in R_i,(g,y)in R_j$, then $(xh,gh)in R_i,(gh,yh)in R_j$. This gives a bijection between $S_ij^k(x,y)$ and $S_ij^k(xh,yh)$, so for all such pairs in $R_k$, the cardinality of $S_ij^k$ is the same. But if the size of the conjugacy class is more than one, there will definitely be some $y'neq y$ such that $(x,y')in R_k$, and then there is no $h$ such that $(xh,yh)=(x,y')$. So how can I show that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(x,y')vert$?










    share|cite|improve this question











    $endgroup$














      3












      3








      3


      1



      $begingroup$


      I was looking at the conjugacy class association scheme (where, given some group $G$, each conjugacy class $C_i$ gets a relation $R_i$, where $R_i=xy^-1in C_i$), and trying to show that it's an association scheme.



      Defining a set $S_ij^k(x,y)=(x,g)in R_i,(g,y)in R_j$, one needs to show that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(z,w)vert$ for all pairs $(x,y),(z,w)in R_k$.



      The approach that I've seen is that, for any $hin G$, $(xh,yh)in R_k$, so that if $g$ is such that $(x,g)in R_i,(g,y)in R_j$, then $(xh,gh)in R_i,(gh,yh)in R_j$. This gives a bijection between $S_ij^k(x,y)$ and $S_ij^k(xh,yh)$, so for all such pairs in $R_k$, the cardinality of $S_ij^k$ is the same. But if the size of the conjugacy class is more than one, there will definitely be some $y'neq y$ such that $(x,y')in R_k$, and then there is no $h$ such that $(xh,yh)=(x,y')$. So how can I show that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(x,y')vert$?










      share|cite|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      I was looking at the conjugacy class association scheme (where, given some group $G$, each conjugacy class $C_i$ gets a relation $R_i$, where $R_i=xy^-1in C_i$), and trying to show that it's an association scheme.



      Defining a set $S_ij^k(x,y)=(x,g)in R_i,(g,y)in R_j$, one needs to show that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(z,w)vert$ for all pairs $(x,y),(z,w)in R_k$.



      The approach that I've seen is that, for any $hin G$, $(xh,yh)in R_k$, so that if $g$ is such that $(x,g)in R_i,(g,y)in R_j$, then $(xh,gh)in R_i,(gh,yh)in R_j$. This gives a bijection between $S_ij^k(x,y)$ and $S_ij^k(xh,yh)$, so for all such pairs in $R_k$, the cardinality of $S_ij^k$ is the same. But if the size of the conjugacy class is more than one, there will definitely be some $y'neq y$ such that $(x,y')in R_k$, and then there is no $h$ such that $(xh,yh)=(x,y')$. So how can I show that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(x,y')vert$?







      group-theory combinatorial-designs association-schemes






      share|cite|improve this question















      share|cite|improve this question













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      edited Mar 29 at 11:38









      azimut

      16.5k1052101




      16.5k1052101










      asked Aug 11 '16 at 18:09









      Sam JaquesSam Jaques

      875311




      875311




















          1 Answer
          1






          active

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          0












          $begingroup$

          Here's what I came up with: suppose $(x,y)$ and $(x,y')$ are in $R_k$. That means there is some $gin G$ such that $xy^-1=gxy'^-1g^-1$, since they're in the same conjugacy class. Then the function $f:S_ij^k(x,y)rightarrow S_ij^k(x,y')$ defined by $f(a)=g^-1ay^-1gy'$ gets the job done. First, it's injective by basic group multiplication properties. Next, let $ain S_ij^k(x,y)$ (thus $xa^-1in C_i$ and $ay^-1in C_j$) and we have that (using $sim$ to represent equivalence of conjugacy classes):
          $$xf(a)^-1=xy'^-1g^-1ya^-1gsim gxy'^-1g^-1ya^-1=xy^-1ya^-1=xz^-1in C_i$$
          $$f(a)y'^-1=g^-1ay^-1gy'y'^-1=g^-1ay^-1gsim ay^-1in C_j$$
          Thus $f(a)in S_ij^k(x,y')$, as it should be, so for any pairs $(x,y),(x,y')in R_k$, $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vertleq vert S_ij^k(x,y')vert$, and so applying it to all pairs gives that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=S_ij^k(x,y')vert$.



          Thus, given an arbitrary pair $(x,y),(x',y')in R_k$, there is some $z$ such that $x=zx'$, and then from the question it's clear that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(zx,zy)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',zy)vert$. From what I just showed above, $vert S_ij^k(x',zy)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',y')vert$, so $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',y')vert$, and thus the conjugacy class scheme is an association scheme.






          share|cite|improve this answer









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            0












            $begingroup$

            Here's what I came up with: suppose $(x,y)$ and $(x,y')$ are in $R_k$. That means there is some $gin G$ such that $xy^-1=gxy'^-1g^-1$, since they're in the same conjugacy class. Then the function $f:S_ij^k(x,y)rightarrow S_ij^k(x,y')$ defined by $f(a)=g^-1ay^-1gy'$ gets the job done. First, it's injective by basic group multiplication properties. Next, let $ain S_ij^k(x,y)$ (thus $xa^-1in C_i$ and $ay^-1in C_j$) and we have that (using $sim$ to represent equivalence of conjugacy classes):
            $$xf(a)^-1=xy'^-1g^-1ya^-1gsim gxy'^-1g^-1ya^-1=xy^-1ya^-1=xz^-1in C_i$$
            $$f(a)y'^-1=g^-1ay^-1gy'y'^-1=g^-1ay^-1gsim ay^-1in C_j$$
            Thus $f(a)in S_ij^k(x,y')$, as it should be, so for any pairs $(x,y),(x,y')in R_k$, $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vertleq vert S_ij^k(x,y')vert$, and so applying it to all pairs gives that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=S_ij^k(x,y')vert$.



            Thus, given an arbitrary pair $(x,y),(x',y')in R_k$, there is some $z$ such that $x=zx'$, and then from the question it's clear that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(zx,zy)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',zy)vert$. From what I just showed above, $vert S_ij^k(x',zy)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',y')vert$, so $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',y')vert$, and thus the conjugacy class scheme is an association scheme.






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$

















              0












              $begingroup$

              Here's what I came up with: suppose $(x,y)$ and $(x,y')$ are in $R_k$. That means there is some $gin G$ such that $xy^-1=gxy'^-1g^-1$, since they're in the same conjugacy class. Then the function $f:S_ij^k(x,y)rightarrow S_ij^k(x,y')$ defined by $f(a)=g^-1ay^-1gy'$ gets the job done. First, it's injective by basic group multiplication properties. Next, let $ain S_ij^k(x,y)$ (thus $xa^-1in C_i$ and $ay^-1in C_j$) and we have that (using $sim$ to represent equivalence of conjugacy classes):
              $$xf(a)^-1=xy'^-1g^-1ya^-1gsim gxy'^-1g^-1ya^-1=xy^-1ya^-1=xz^-1in C_i$$
              $$f(a)y'^-1=g^-1ay^-1gy'y'^-1=g^-1ay^-1gsim ay^-1in C_j$$
              Thus $f(a)in S_ij^k(x,y')$, as it should be, so for any pairs $(x,y),(x,y')in R_k$, $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vertleq vert S_ij^k(x,y')vert$, and so applying it to all pairs gives that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=S_ij^k(x,y')vert$.



              Thus, given an arbitrary pair $(x,y),(x',y')in R_k$, there is some $z$ such that $x=zx'$, and then from the question it's clear that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(zx,zy)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',zy)vert$. From what I just showed above, $vert S_ij^k(x',zy)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',y')vert$, so $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',y')vert$, and thus the conjugacy class scheme is an association scheme.






              share|cite|improve this answer









              $endgroup$















                0












                0








                0





                $begingroup$

                Here's what I came up with: suppose $(x,y)$ and $(x,y')$ are in $R_k$. That means there is some $gin G$ such that $xy^-1=gxy'^-1g^-1$, since they're in the same conjugacy class. Then the function $f:S_ij^k(x,y)rightarrow S_ij^k(x,y')$ defined by $f(a)=g^-1ay^-1gy'$ gets the job done. First, it's injective by basic group multiplication properties. Next, let $ain S_ij^k(x,y)$ (thus $xa^-1in C_i$ and $ay^-1in C_j$) and we have that (using $sim$ to represent equivalence of conjugacy classes):
                $$xf(a)^-1=xy'^-1g^-1ya^-1gsim gxy'^-1g^-1ya^-1=xy^-1ya^-1=xz^-1in C_i$$
                $$f(a)y'^-1=g^-1ay^-1gy'y'^-1=g^-1ay^-1gsim ay^-1in C_j$$
                Thus $f(a)in S_ij^k(x,y')$, as it should be, so for any pairs $(x,y),(x,y')in R_k$, $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vertleq vert S_ij^k(x,y')vert$, and so applying it to all pairs gives that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=S_ij^k(x,y')vert$.



                Thus, given an arbitrary pair $(x,y),(x',y')in R_k$, there is some $z$ such that $x=zx'$, and then from the question it's clear that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(zx,zy)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',zy)vert$. From what I just showed above, $vert S_ij^k(x',zy)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',y')vert$, so $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',y')vert$, and thus the conjugacy class scheme is an association scheme.






                share|cite|improve this answer









                $endgroup$



                Here's what I came up with: suppose $(x,y)$ and $(x,y')$ are in $R_k$. That means there is some $gin G$ such that $xy^-1=gxy'^-1g^-1$, since they're in the same conjugacy class. Then the function $f:S_ij^k(x,y)rightarrow S_ij^k(x,y')$ defined by $f(a)=g^-1ay^-1gy'$ gets the job done. First, it's injective by basic group multiplication properties. Next, let $ain S_ij^k(x,y)$ (thus $xa^-1in C_i$ and $ay^-1in C_j$) and we have that (using $sim$ to represent equivalence of conjugacy classes):
                $$xf(a)^-1=xy'^-1g^-1ya^-1gsim gxy'^-1g^-1ya^-1=xy^-1ya^-1=xz^-1in C_i$$
                $$f(a)y'^-1=g^-1ay^-1gy'y'^-1=g^-1ay^-1gsim ay^-1in C_j$$
                Thus $f(a)in S_ij^k(x,y')$, as it should be, so for any pairs $(x,y),(x,y')in R_k$, $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vertleq vert S_ij^k(x,y')vert$, and so applying it to all pairs gives that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=S_ij^k(x,y')vert$.



                Thus, given an arbitrary pair $(x,y),(x',y')in R_k$, there is some $z$ such that $x=zx'$, and then from the question it's clear that $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(zx,zy)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',zy)vert$. From what I just showed above, $vert S_ij^k(x',zy)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',y')vert$, so $vert S_ij^k(x,y)vert=vert S_ij^k(x',y')vert$, and thus the conjugacy class scheme is an association scheme.







                share|cite|improve this answer












                share|cite|improve this answer



                share|cite|improve this answer










                answered Aug 19 '16 at 20:44









                Sam JaquesSam Jaques

                875311




                875311



























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