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libbenorganismefolwoeksenminskensynonymminderjierrigensNederlânskIngelsktaalFryskboartlikensferantwurdlikheidsgefoelûnderfiningmaatskippijfolwoeksenenswetlikeNederlânjierdeibernbaanseksuële relaasjeopfiedingâldenseden en pligenmaatskippijkultuerûnderwiishistoaryskjongesfamkesûnderwiisnarjenearmoedesyktebrutsen gesinnenberne-arbeidbernemishannelingbernehoulikenberneprostitúsjebernepornografyynsesthongerReferences, op dizze side












Jonkheid




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(Trochwiisd fan Jongerein)





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Jongerein yn Oslo.


De jonkheid is it stadium yn it libben in organisme as dat noch net folwoeksen is. Dizze oantsjutting wurdt ornaris brûkt foar minsken, wêrby't it in synonym is foar bernetiid of minderjierrigens. In oar synonym is jeugd, mar dat wurd kin ek ferwize nei alle jonge minsken mei-inoar ynstee fan nei in libbensstadium. Yn dy twadde betsjutting is 'jeugd' synonym mei jongerein. Yn it Nederlânsk wurdt foar 'jonkheid' en 'jongerein' oer it algemien de oantsjutting jeugd brûkt sûnder tusken dy beide begripen ûnderskie te meitsjen. Yn it Ingelsk makket men dêr mei youth likemin ûnderskie tusken, mar as spesifyk 'jonkheid' bedoelt, wurdt yn dy taal faak it wurdt childhood ("bernetiid") brûkt. Yn it Nederlânsk brûkt men de letterlike oersetting dêrfan, kindertijd, mar in bytsje, en sprekt men earder fan toen ik/hij/ze klein was. Dat wurdt yn it Frysk ek gauris dien as men it oer jins jonkheid hat: "doe't ik/er/se lyts wie..."


De jonkheid ûnderskiedt him fan lettere libbensstadia troch boartlikens, frisheid, krêftichheid en nije manearen om dingen te sjen, mar ek troch ûnfolwoeksen hâlden en dragen, ûnbetochtsumens, gjin of minder ferantwurdlikheidsgefoel en ûnderfining, en it jin net selsstannich rêde kinnen yn 'e maatskippij. It is ûndúdlik wannear't de jonkheid krekt oergiet yn folwoeksenens, om't dat in stadich, stapsgewiis proses is, dat fan persoan ta persoan ferskilt. Neffens de wetlike definysje is men yn Nederlân op jins achttjinde jierdei folwoeksen, mar guon bern kinne nei harren hâlden en dragen en harren ynsjoch miskien mei fyftjin jier al as folwoeksen beskôge wurde, wylst oaren dêr wol tsien jier langer oer dwaan kinne. De ynskatting dêrfan wurdt dreger makke troch it feit dat de oergong fan jonkheid nei folwoeksenens net keppele wurde kin oan in spesifike aktiviteit, lykas it finen fan in baan of it hawwen fan in seksuële relaasje.


De jonkheid is in libbensstadium dat de persoanlikheid fan minsken foarmet. Yn dy tiid kriget men in opfieding fan jins âlden, leart men de seden en pligen fan jins maatskippij en kultuer, folget men ûnderwiis en bout men de grûnslach fan persoanlike ûnderfining op dêr't men jins fierdere libben út puttet. Hoe't de jonkheid fan bern derút sjocht, kin fan kultuer ta kultuer sterk ferskille, en hat histoarysk binnen ien en deselde kultuer ek fan tiidrek ta tiidrek sterk ferskild. Boppedat wiene der histoarysk grutte ferskillen yn 'e jonkheid fan jonges en famkes, dy't yn guon kultueren yn 'e wrâld noch altyd besteane. Der binne in soad maatskiplike kwestjes dy't in negative ynfloed op jins jonkheid hawwe kinne, lykas brekme oan ûnderwiis, narjen, earmoede, sykte, brutsen gesinnen, berne-arbeid, bernemishanneling, bernehouliken, berneprostitúsje, bernepornografy, ynsest, honger, ensfh. Net selden efterfolget soks jin jins hiele libben. Sa is it foar lju dy't sels yn harren jonkheid seksueel misbrûkt binne, folle wierskynliker dat se sels letter bern misbrûke (of dêr oanstriid ta fiele) sille, as lju dy't dy ûnderfining yn harren jonkheid net hân hawwe.




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