Nīwenglisc sprǣc Innungbred Steall Englisces hēodæg | Stǣr þǣre Engliscan sprǣce | Mearcung and sibba sprǣca | Grammaticcræft Nīƿenglisces | Ƿrītungƿīse Englisces | Sprǣdung þǣre Engliscan sprǣce | Sēo ēac | Ūtƿeardlice bendas | Sōcne getælNīƿenglisc ǷikipǣdiaA short history of the English language
Westgermanisca sprǣcaGermanisca sprǣca
IndoeuropiscGermaniscǷestgermaniscǷestgermaniscsprǣcEnglalandeÞēodisce sprǣcNiðerlendisceǷesternan tƿige þāra Germaniscra sprǣcaCīniscfremðe sprǣcEnglisc (Scōl)ƿoruldsprǣcmōdorsprǣcEaldre Seaxiscre sprǣceþēoƿsprǣcumBryteneGermaniscum gesittendumEnglisce sprǣcNormandigsǣtum449ǷyrtgeornePihtasseofon cynerīcuCeltisce sprǣcendanScotlandǷealasCornƿeallĪrlandEald EngliscNorþgermaniscreNoreneǷīcingaGeorficNorþmandiscan Geþringunge1066FrenciscesMiddelenglisc15an ieldesēo Micele SelfsƿēgendƿendungǷillelmes ShakespearesGermaniscan tƿigesIndiscan-EuropiscanTok PisinBislamaScyttisc (Lallans)FresiscÞēodiscSeaxiscNiðerlendiscScedelendisca sprǣcaAfrikaaniscFrenciscNorþmandisce sprǣceNorþmandiscan OfersƿīðrungegebīegungeIndoeuropicumÞēodisceNiðerlendisceRōmāniscum sprǣcumgrammatisc cynntōgeīecendlice ānrǣdnessecāsu mearcungbīnamanstrangra ƿordaƿācra ƿordamanigfealdlicumōdƿordƿorddihtHelpendu ƿordunderþēodendlicantīdMiddelenglisceNīƿenglisc rihtƿrītungelingua franca
Nīwenglisc sprǣc
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| Nīwenglisc (English) | |
|---|---|
| Gelōmlicu in: | Þæt Geānlǣhte Cynerīce, Geānlǣhtan Rīcu American, and 103 ǣlce landsceare |
| Folc: | 402 millionena mōdorsprecere, 350 – 1,000 millionena æfterrena sprecera |
| Grād: | 3 |
Cynnlicu Endebyrdung: | Indoeuropisc |
| Ambihtlic Stede: | |
| Ambihtlicu sprǣc in: | lōc neoðan |
| Geregolod fram: | Nān, ac OED is inmēde |
| Sprǣce Begīemung: | |
ISO 639-1: | en |
| ISO 639-2: | eng |
| ISO 639-3: | eng |
SIL: | ENG |
Sēo Nīƿenglisce sprǣc (on Nīƿenglisce: English) is Ƿestgermanisc sprǣc, þe on Englalande ārās. Hēo belimpeþ, sƿā sēo Þēodisce sprǣc and sēo Niðerlendisce sprǣc tō þǣm Ƿesternan tƿige þāra Germaniscra sprǣca.
Innungbred
1 Steall Englisces hēodæg
2 Stǣr þǣre Engliscan sprǣce
3 Mearcung and sibba sprǣca
4 Grammaticcræft Nīƿenglisces
5 Ƿrītungƿīse Englisces
6 Sprǣdung þǣre Engliscan sprǣce
6.1 Ambihtsprǣc
6.2 Ōðer bryce
7 Sēo ēac
8 Ūtƿeardlice bendas
Steall Englisces hēodæg |
Nū is Englisc sēo brādoste gesprǣdede sprǣc þǣre ƿorulde, and hæfþ ymbe þæt getæl sprecera þe Cīnisc hæfþ. In fela landum biþ Nīƿenglisc sēo ǣreste fremðe sprǣc gelǣred (Sēo Englisc (Scōl)) and is sēo ambihtlice sprǣc þāra mǣstena betƿixfolclicra gesetednessa. Fela þissa gesetednessa habbaþ ōðra ambihtlica sprǣca. Nīƿenglisc prōfaþ hēodæg sƿā ƿoruldsprǣc.
Tōdæg biþ Englisc fram 340 millionena sprecenda sƿā mōdorsprǣc gesprecen. Gif man īeceþ þā æfterran sprecend, cymþ man tō ymbe 510 millionena sprecenda.
Stǣr þǣre Engliscan sprǣce |
- Hēafodgeƿrits: Stǣr þǣre Engliscan sprǣce, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]
EN (ISO 639-1)
Englisc cymþ of þǣre Ealdre Seaxiscre sprǣce and sibbum þēoƿsprǣcum þe ƿǣron gebrōht tō Brytene fram Germaniscum gesittendum of syndrigum dǣlum norþƿestes Þēodisclandes. Sēo frume Englisce sprǣc ƿæs gehrinen folgiendlīce fram tƿǣm ȳðum onrǣses. Se ǣresta onrǣs ƿæs fram sprecerum sprǣca Scedelendisces tƿiges þæs Germaniscan sprǣchīredes, þe gebȳrdon in dǣlas Brytene in þǣm 8an and 9an ieldum. Se ōðer onrǣs ƿæs mid Normandigsǣtum in þǣre 11an ielde, þe cynn sprǣcon, Ealdes Frencisces.
Be þǣm Engliscan-Seaxiscan Cranice, ymbe þæt gēar 449, ƿǣron þā Engle gelaðode fram Ƿyrtgeorne tō helpenne him ƿiþ þā Pihtas. Ongēan hira help gelendode hē þǣm Englum in sūþēastum dǣle. Æfter sōhte hē māran help, and forþǣm cōmon þā Seaxe, Engle, and Geate. Se Cranic spricþ ymbe fylgendne incyme gesittendra, þe staðelodon on ende seofon cynerīcu. Tōdæges scōlerscipe behogeþ mǣst þisses spelles tō bēonne spell and fram lēodƿeardrace gedōne.
Þās Germaniscan infarend oferrīcsodon þā fruman Celtisce sprǣcendan ƿuniend, þā sprǣca þāra ālifdon mǣste on Scotland, Ƿealas, Cornƿeall, and Īrland. Þā folcsprǣca, gesprecena fram þǣm ingengum, macodon þæt, þe man hēt Eald Englisc, þe efenlǣcþ suma rimanþēoƿsprǣca, in (nū) landum norþƿestes Þēodisclandes and þāra Niðerlanda. Ufor ƿæs sēo sprǣc gehrinen fram þǣre Norþgermaniscre sprǣce Norene, þǣra Ƿīcinga gesprecen, þe on þone norþēastan dǣl gesǣtton (sēo Georfic).
For þǣm folgiendum 300 gēarum æfter þǣre Norþmandiscan Geþringunge in 1066 sprǣcon þā Norþmandiscan cyningas and sēo hēa duguþ cynn Frencisces āne. Micel getæl Norþmandiscra ƿorda ƿǣron inbrōht in Eald Englisc. Se Norþmandisca gehrine gefæstnode þā gangendan hƿierfunge þǣre sprǣce ofer fylgendum ieldum, oþ þǣre sprǣce, nū Middelenglisc gehāten. Lareoƿas þǣre tunges lare ne laerdon; leorneres heora spraec ne leornode. For þon þe þæt folc þāra Norþmanna þeoƿas ȝeƿurdon, sƿa ealsƿa mot mon þæt 'Niƿenglisc' beter 'þeoƿenglisc' ȝehatan.
In þǣre 15an ielde geƿende sēo Micele Selfsƿēgendƿendung þæt Middelenglisc, ēac mid Lundencyndre sprǣce in lēodƿearde and tōþegnunge, and þǣre regolunggefremmunge gemǣlunge. Nīƿenglisc cann gespyred bēon on bæc tō þǣre tīde Ƿillelmes Shakespeares.
Mearcung and sibba sprǣca |
Sēo Nīƿenglisce sprǣc is dǣl þæs ƿesternan undertƿiges þæs Germaniscan tƿiges þæs Indiscan-Europiscan sprǣca cynnes. Feorr þǣra Englisclǣhtan sprǣca sƿā Tok Pisin oþþe Bislama, sind þā nīehstan Nīƿenglisces Scyttisc (Lallans), mǣste on Scotland and dǣl Norðernes Īrlandes gesprecen, and þǣræfter Fresisc, on Þēodiscland and on þǣm Niðerlandum gesprecen. Sƿā Nīƿenglisc is Scyttisc riht æftergenga Englisces (Englisc-Seaxisc).
Ōðra sibba sprǣca, ac unsibbran þonne Fresisc oþþe Scyttisc, sind Þēodisc, Seaxisc, Niðerlendisc, Scedelendisca sprǣca, and Afrikaanisc. Manig Frencisc ƿord sind ēac andgietfullicu tō Nīƿenglisces sprecende (ac mid ōðrum rihtstefne), for þǣm þe Nīƿenglisc bedranc ormǣtlic rīm ƿorda fram Frencisce þurh þā Norþmandisce sprǣce æfter þǣre Norþmandiscan Ofersƿīðrunge and rihtlīce of Frencisce in æfterrum ieldum; þǣrfor sind fela ƿorda sƿīðe nēah þǣm Frencisce, mid smalum ƿrītungscēadungum (on ƿordendungum oþþe mid Ealdes Frencisces ƿrītungum, asf.), ēac sƿā hƿīlum scēadunga on mǣnunge.
Grammaticcræft Nīƿenglisces |
- Hēafodgeƿrit: Nīƿenglisc grammaticcræft
Englisc grammaticcræft hafaþ lȳtele gebīegunge in efenlǣcnesse mid ōðrum Indoeuropicum sprǣcum. Tō bisene hæfþ Nīƿenglisc, ungelīc Þēodisce, Niðerlendisce, oþþe Rōmāniscum sprǣcum nān grammatisc cynn and nāne tōgeīecendlice ānrǣdnesse. cāsu mearcung is æthƿōn fullīce gedƿinen of þǣre sprǣce and ālifþ mǣste on þā bīnaman. Þā cynn strangra ƿorda (t.b. sprecan/spræc/sprǣcon/gesprecen) ƿiþ þā cynn ƿācra ƿorda þe sēo sprǣc of Germanisce ierfde is on ƿeorðe gedƿinen and þā lāfa gebīegunge (sƿā manigfealdlicu mearcung) ƿurdon regolfæsta.
Þā seolfan tīd þǣre gebīegunge ƿeorþgedƿīnung in Englisce, scōp sēo sprǣc māran getrēoƿunge in ƿīsan sƿā mōdƿord and ƿorddiht tō getācnienne grammatisce mǣnunge. Helpendu ƿord brȳcþ man tō mearcienne tācnu sƿā frignunga, negativa, þā underþēodendlican stefn, and gengende tīd
Ƿrītungƿīse Englisces |
- Hēafodgeƿrit: Nīƿenglisc stæfrǣƿ
Mid Englisce brȳcþ man þā lǣdene stæfrǣƿe būtan accentum, ac mid elþēodigum ƿordum, sƿā résumé (Frencisc) cann man mid accentum ƿrītan. Mid manigum ƿordum, sƿā night oþþe though is sēo ƿrītungƿīse stǣrlicu (nā sprecendllicu), for þǣm þe on Middelenglisce ƿrāt man night and though. Sēo ƿrītung ƿorda oft ābȳgþ of hū hīe gesprecen sind, and Nīƿenglisc ƿrītung is oft geþōht sēo unēaðoste ǣnigra sprǣca tō leornienne, in þǣm sprǣcum þe brūcaþ stæfrǣƿa. Sēo Nīƿenglisc rihtƿrītunge.
Sprǣdung þǣre Engliscan sprǣce |
Sprǣdung inlendiscra Englisce-sprecera be lande (Crystal 1997)
Ambihtsprǣc |
Englisc is ambihtsprǣc in þǣm fylgendum landum, þǣrin þæt getæl þāra mōdorsprecera is geƿriten, hƿǣr cūþ:
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Ōðer bryce |
Englisce sprǣc þegnaþ tō ēacan sƿā lingua franca in þǣm folgiendum landum and landscipum:
- Calpis
- Cipros
- Hong Kong
- Israhēl
- Malaysia
- Scte. Martin
- Somaliland
Sēo ēac |
- Gemǣne cƿidas in ōðrum sprǣcum
- Getalu sprǣca
- Geƿriten Nīƿe Englisc
Ūtƿeardlice bendas |
- Nīƿenglisc Ƿikipǣdia
A short history of the English language (on Nīwenglisce).
Floccas:
- Westgermanisca sprǣca
- Germanisca sprǣca
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