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Theorem of contiguous bases for quadratic forms



The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InUniversal quadratic formsProof that the Arf invariant is independent of choice of basisSimultaneous diagonalization of quadratic formsOrthonormal bases with canonical basisWeird analogy between quadratic forms and formal systemsQuestion on Finding Coordinates in Terms of Orthogonal BasesWhat does it “mean” for two orthogonal vases of a vector space to be continguous?Determining two binary quadratic forms induced by binary nondegenerate symplectic form.Why are $(,f_1,…,f_n)$ linearly independent if $|,f_k-e_k|_2<dfrac1sqrt n$, where $(e_k)$ is an orthonormal basis?Show that $textrank(q)leq textrank(f_1,f_2,cdots,f_p).$










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I'm studying theory of quadratic forms on Serre's book "A course in Arithmetic". I'm trying to prove Theorem 2, chapter 4, which says that given two orthogonal bases $E$ and $F$ for a quadratic module $(V,Q)$ one can find a chain of orthogonal contiguous bases (each one has an element in common with the following bases) relating $E$ and $F$.
He divides the proof in 3 cases, the last being the most difficult. I'm ok with the proof in general, but there is a step that I can't understand, I guess it's a very simple thing but I'm in trouble.



The case in which I'm interested is the following: given the bases $E=e_1, dots, e_n$ and $F=f_1, dots, f_n$, we suppose that $(e_1.e_1)(f_i.f_i)-(e_1.f_i)^2 =0$ for $i=1,2$, where $(x.y)$ is the scalar product associated with the quadratic form. Then we can demonstrate that there is an element $x in mathbbK$ such that $f_x=f_1+xf_2$ is not isotropic and the plane generated by $e_1,f_x$ is nondegenerate. So I take this $x$ and I have that $mathbbKf_1 oplus mathbbKf_x=mathbbKf_1oplus mathbbKf_2$. Having $f_1$ not isotropic since it is part of an orthogonal bases, I can find $f'$ such that $f_x,f'$ is an orthogonal bases of $mathbbKf_1oplus mathbbKf_2$. Then $f_x,f',f_3, dots, f_n$ is a bases for $V$ and $f_x$ is orthogonal with all the $f_i$ by a simple calculation. But I can't see why $f'$ is orthogonal with all the $f_i$'s. I already apologize because I'm quite sure there is a simple explanation. Any hel will be appreciated. Thanks!










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    0












    $begingroup$


    I'm studying theory of quadratic forms on Serre's book "A course in Arithmetic". I'm trying to prove Theorem 2, chapter 4, which says that given two orthogonal bases $E$ and $F$ for a quadratic module $(V,Q)$ one can find a chain of orthogonal contiguous bases (each one has an element in common with the following bases) relating $E$ and $F$.
    He divides the proof in 3 cases, the last being the most difficult. I'm ok with the proof in general, but there is a step that I can't understand, I guess it's a very simple thing but I'm in trouble.



    The case in which I'm interested is the following: given the bases $E=e_1, dots, e_n$ and $F=f_1, dots, f_n$, we suppose that $(e_1.e_1)(f_i.f_i)-(e_1.f_i)^2 =0$ for $i=1,2$, where $(x.y)$ is the scalar product associated with the quadratic form. Then we can demonstrate that there is an element $x in mathbbK$ such that $f_x=f_1+xf_2$ is not isotropic and the plane generated by $e_1,f_x$ is nondegenerate. So I take this $x$ and I have that $mathbbKf_1 oplus mathbbKf_x=mathbbKf_1oplus mathbbKf_2$. Having $f_1$ not isotropic since it is part of an orthogonal bases, I can find $f'$ such that $f_x,f'$ is an orthogonal bases of $mathbbKf_1oplus mathbbKf_2$. Then $f_x,f',f_3, dots, f_n$ is a bases for $V$ and $f_x$ is orthogonal with all the $f_i$ by a simple calculation. But I can't see why $f'$ is orthogonal with all the $f_i$'s. I already apologize because I'm quite sure there is a simple explanation. Any hel will be appreciated. Thanks!










    share|cite|improve this question









    $endgroup$














      0












      0








      0





      $begingroup$


      I'm studying theory of quadratic forms on Serre's book "A course in Arithmetic". I'm trying to prove Theorem 2, chapter 4, which says that given two orthogonal bases $E$ and $F$ for a quadratic module $(V,Q)$ one can find a chain of orthogonal contiguous bases (each one has an element in common with the following bases) relating $E$ and $F$.
      He divides the proof in 3 cases, the last being the most difficult. I'm ok with the proof in general, but there is a step that I can't understand, I guess it's a very simple thing but I'm in trouble.



      The case in which I'm interested is the following: given the bases $E=e_1, dots, e_n$ and $F=f_1, dots, f_n$, we suppose that $(e_1.e_1)(f_i.f_i)-(e_1.f_i)^2 =0$ for $i=1,2$, where $(x.y)$ is the scalar product associated with the quadratic form. Then we can demonstrate that there is an element $x in mathbbK$ such that $f_x=f_1+xf_2$ is not isotropic and the plane generated by $e_1,f_x$ is nondegenerate. So I take this $x$ and I have that $mathbbKf_1 oplus mathbbKf_x=mathbbKf_1oplus mathbbKf_2$. Having $f_1$ not isotropic since it is part of an orthogonal bases, I can find $f'$ such that $f_x,f'$ is an orthogonal bases of $mathbbKf_1oplus mathbbKf_2$. Then $f_x,f',f_3, dots, f_n$ is a bases for $V$ and $f_x$ is orthogonal with all the $f_i$ by a simple calculation. But I can't see why $f'$ is orthogonal with all the $f_i$'s. I already apologize because I'm quite sure there is a simple explanation. Any hel will be appreciated. Thanks!










      share|cite|improve this question









      $endgroup$




      I'm studying theory of quadratic forms on Serre's book "A course in Arithmetic". I'm trying to prove Theorem 2, chapter 4, which says that given two orthogonal bases $E$ and $F$ for a quadratic module $(V,Q)$ one can find a chain of orthogonal contiguous bases (each one has an element in common with the following bases) relating $E$ and $F$.
      He divides the proof in 3 cases, the last being the most difficult. I'm ok with the proof in general, but there is a step that I can't understand, I guess it's a very simple thing but I'm in trouble.



      The case in which I'm interested is the following: given the bases $E=e_1, dots, e_n$ and $F=f_1, dots, f_n$, we suppose that $(e_1.e_1)(f_i.f_i)-(e_1.f_i)^2 =0$ for $i=1,2$, where $(x.y)$ is the scalar product associated with the quadratic form. Then we can demonstrate that there is an element $x in mathbbK$ such that $f_x=f_1+xf_2$ is not isotropic and the plane generated by $e_1,f_x$ is nondegenerate. So I take this $x$ and I have that $mathbbKf_1 oplus mathbbKf_x=mathbbKf_1oplus mathbbKf_2$. Having $f_1$ not isotropic since it is part of an orthogonal bases, I can find $f'$ such that $f_x,f'$ is an orthogonal bases of $mathbbKf_1oplus mathbbKf_2$. Then $f_x,f',f_3, dots, f_n$ is a bases for $V$ and $f_x$ is orthogonal with all the $f_i$ by a simple calculation. But I can't see why $f'$ is orthogonal with all the $f_i$'s. I already apologize because I'm quite sure there is a simple explanation. Any hel will be appreciated. Thanks!







      orthogonality quadratic-forms






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      robbisrobbis

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