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How to calculate integral with multiple embedded exponentials?



The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InAn integral$frac12piint_0^2pilog|exp(itheta)-a|textdtheta=0$ which I can calculate but can't understand it.Uniform Convergence of $sum_n=1^infty -x^2n ln x$$int_0^infty fracx^p1+x^pdx$How to compute $int_0^inftysqrt x expleft(-x-frac1xright) , dx$?evaluating an integral with complex exponential (spectral density)How to do this integral.if there are two regions enclosed by two lines how do I find areaCalculate this integral using residues$int_1^infty sin^2(3x^frac76)dx$ does in converge?Calculate a definite integral involving sin and exp










-1












$begingroup$


$int_K^infty1-exp(-exp(-x))dx$



By change of variable we have $int_0^exp(-K)frac1-exp(-u)udu$ but I can't spit the two because integral of $frac1u$ from 0 to K diverges, and therefore there will be an $infty-infty$ term when calculating the integral.



Wolframalpha gives but how?



enter image description here










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$
















    -1












    $begingroup$


    $int_K^infty1-exp(-exp(-x))dx$



    By change of variable we have $int_0^exp(-K)frac1-exp(-u)udu$ but I can't spit the two because integral of $frac1u$ from 0 to K diverges, and therefore there will be an $infty-infty$ term when calculating the integral.



    Wolframalpha gives but how?



    enter image description here










    share|cite|improve this question











    $endgroup$














      -1












      -1








      -1





      $begingroup$


      $int_K^infty1-exp(-exp(-x))dx$



      By change of variable we have $int_0^exp(-K)frac1-exp(-u)udu$ but I can't spit the two because integral of $frac1u$ from 0 to K diverges, and therefore there will be an $infty-infty$ term when calculating the integral.



      Wolframalpha gives but how?



      enter image description here










      share|cite|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      $int_K^infty1-exp(-exp(-x))dx$



      By change of variable we have $int_0^exp(-K)frac1-exp(-u)udu$ but I can't spit the two because integral of $frac1u$ from 0 to K diverges, and therefore there will be an $infty-infty$ term when calculating the integral.



      Wolframalpha gives but how?



      enter image description here







      real-analysis calculus complex-analysis






      share|cite|improve this question















      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question




      share|cite|improve this question








      edited Apr 7 at 7:38







      ZHU

















      asked Mar 30 at 17:28









      ZHUZHU

      387316




      387316




















          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          1





          +50







          $begingroup$

          I'll use $G$ for the lower limit because reasons. Assume that all parameters are positive. The inner integral is elementary:
          $$I(gamma) =
          int_G^infty (1 - exp(-N v e^-gamma/c)) ,e^-lambda v ,dv =
          e^-G lambda left( frac 1 lambda - frac
          exp left(-G N e^-gamma/c right)
          N e^-gamma/c + lambda right).$$

          The antiderivative of the result has a closed form in terms of the incomplete gamma function:
          $$int I(-c ln u) ,d(-c ln u) =
          frac c e^-G lambda lambda left(
          int frac e^-G N u u du -
          int frac N e^-G N u N u + lambda du -
          ln u right) =\
          frac c e^-G lambda lambda
          (e^G lambda Gamma(0, G N u + G lambda) - Gamma(0, G N u) - ln u).$$

          $Gamma(0, u)$ is continuous on $(0, infty)$ and is $-ln u - gamma_e + O(u)$ at $0^+$, $gamma_e$ being Euler's constant. Therefore
          $$int_1^0 I(-c ln u) ,d(-c ln u) =
          frac c lambda
          (Gamma(0, G lambda) - Gamma(0, G N + G lambda) +
          e^-G lambda (Gamma(0, G N) + ln (G N) + gamma_e)).$$






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            In that case both integrals are elementary if you change the order of integration.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 18:56










          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU Everything is correct, you've answered your own question :).
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 20:37











          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU Just find the antiderivative of $1/(N w + lambda)$. The singularity is at $w = -lambda/N$, to the left of the interval of integration.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 20:58










          • $begingroup$
            sorry that wasn't the right question either, I've updated the question I actually have.
            $endgroup$
            – ZHU
            Apr 7 at 7:27










          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU This answer already gives a solution for that: first the antiderivative of $e^-u/u$ and then the expansion of the antiderivative at $0^+$.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 7 at 7:55



















          1












          $begingroup$

          The function
          $$
          vlongmapstoleft[1-expleft(-Nve^-gamma/cright)right]exp(-lambda v)
          $$

          has elementary primitive
          $$
          vlongmapsto
          frace^-Nv e^-gamma/c + gamma/c - lambda v
          lambda e^gamma/c + N
          - frace^-lambda v
          lambda.
          $$

          and
          $$
          int_0^inftyleft[1-expleft(-Nve^-gamma/cright)right]exp(-lambda v),dv = fracNlambda(lambda e^gamma/c + N),
          $$

          also with elementary primitive... (to be continued)






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            Why is it divergent? With a reasonable choice of parameters, the integrand is a difference of two decaying exponents.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 11:47











          • $begingroup$
            @Maxim, we have a dangling $(textconstant)v$
            $endgroup$
            – Martín-Blas Pérez Pinilla
            Apr 2 at 11:51










          • $begingroup$
            It just means your antiderivative is incorrect. Look at the integrand, its behavior at infinity is obvious.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 11:59











          Your Answer





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          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes








          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          1





          +50







          $begingroup$

          I'll use $G$ for the lower limit because reasons. Assume that all parameters are positive. The inner integral is elementary:
          $$I(gamma) =
          int_G^infty (1 - exp(-N v e^-gamma/c)) ,e^-lambda v ,dv =
          e^-G lambda left( frac 1 lambda - frac
          exp left(-G N e^-gamma/c right)
          N e^-gamma/c + lambda right).$$

          The antiderivative of the result has a closed form in terms of the incomplete gamma function:
          $$int I(-c ln u) ,d(-c ln u) =
          frac c e^-G lambda lambda left(
          int frac e^-G N u u du -
          int frac N e^-G N u N u + lambda du -
          ln u right) =\
          frac c e^-G lambda lambda
          (e^G lambda Gamma(0, G N u + G lambda) - Gamma(0, G N u) - ln u).$$

          $Gamma(0, u)$ is continuous on $(0, infty)$ and is $-ln u - gamma_e + O(u)$ at $0^+$, $gamma_e$ being Euler's constant. Therefore
          $$int_1^0 I(-c ln u) ,d(-c ln u) =
          frac c lambda
          (Gamma(0, G lambda) - Gamma(0, G N + G lambda) +
          e^-G lambda (Gamma(0, G N) + ln (G N) + gamma_e)).$$






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            In that case both integrals are elementary if you change the order of integration.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 18:56










          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU Everything is correct, you've answered your own question :).
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 20:37











          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU Just find the antiderivative of $1/(N w + lambda)$. The singularity is at $w = -lambda/N$, to the left of the interval of integration.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 20:58










          • $begingroup$
            sorry that wasn't the right question either, I've updated the question I actually have.
            $endgroup$
            – ZHU
            Apr 7 at 7:27










          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU This answer already gives a solution for that: first the antiderivative of $e^-u/u$ and then the expansion of the antiderivative at $0^+$.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 7 at 7:55
















          1





          +50







          $begingroup$

          I'll use $G$ for the lower limit because reasons. Assume that all parameters are positive. The inner integral is elementary:
          $$I(gamma) =
          int_G^infty (1 - exp(-N v e^-gamma/c)) ,e^-lambda v ,dv =
          e^-G lambda left( frac 1 lambda - frac
          exp left(-G N e^-gamma/c right)
          N e^-gamma/c + lambda right).$$

          The antiderivative of the result has a closed form in terms of the incomplete gamma function:
          $$int I(-c ln u) ,d(-c ln u) =
          frac c e^-G lambda lambda left(
          int frac e^-G N u u du -
          int frac N e^-G N u N u + lambda du -
          ln u right) =\
          frac c e^-G lambda lambda
          (e^G lambda Gamma(0, G N u + G lambda) - Gamma(0, G N u) - ln u).$$

          $Gamma(0, u)$ is continuous on $(0, infty)$ and is $-ln u - gamma_e + O(u)$ at $0^+$, $gamma_e$ being Euler's constant. Therefore
          $$int_1^0 I(-c ln u) ,d(-c ln u) =
          frac c lambda
          (Gamma(0, G lambda) - Gamma(0, G N + G lambda) +
          e^-G lambda (Gamma(0, G N) + ln (G N) + gamma_e)).$$






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            In that case both integrals are elementary if you change the order of integration.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 18:56










          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU Everything is correct, you've answered your own question :).
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 20:37











          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU Just find the antiderivative of $1/(N w + lambda)$. The singularity is at $w = -lambda/N$, to the left of the interval of integration.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 20:58










          • $begingroup$
            sorry that wasn't the right question either, I've updated the question I actually have.
            $endgroup$
            – ZHU
            Apr 7 at 7:27










          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU This answer already gives a solution for that: first the antiderivative of $e^-u/u$ and then the expansion of the antiderivative at $0^+$.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 7 at 7:55














          1





          +50







          1





          +50



          1




          +50



          $begingroup$

          I'll use $G$ for the lower limit because reasons. Assume that all parameters are positive. The inner integral is elementary:
          $$I(gamma) =
          int_G^infty (1 - exp(-N v e^-gamma/c)) ,e^-lambda v ,dv =
          e^-G lambda left( frac 1 lambda - frac
          exp left(-G N e^-gamma/c right)
          N e^-gamma/c + lambda right).$$

          The antiderivative of the result has a closed form in terms of the incomplete gamma function:
          $$int I(-c ln u) ,d(-c ln u) =
          frac c e^-G lambda lambda left(
          int frac e^-G N u u du -
          int frac N e^-G N u N u + lambda du -
          ln u right) =\
          frac c e^-G lambda lambda
          (e^G lambda Gamma(0, G N u + G lambda) - Gamma(0, G N u) - ln u).$$

          $Gamma(0, u)$ is continuous on $(0, infty)$ and is $-ln u - gamma_e + O(u)$ at $0^+$, $gamma_e$ being Euler's constant. Therefore
          $$int_1^0 I(-c ln u) ,d(-c ln u) =
          frac c lambda
          (Gamma(0, G lambda) - Gamma(0, G N + G lambda) +
          e^-G lambda (Gamma(0, G N) + ln (G N) + gamma_e)).$$






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          I'll use $G$ for the lower limit because reasons. Assume that all parameters are positive. The inner integral is elementary:
          $$I(gamma) =
          int_G^infty (1 - exp(-N v e^-gamma/c)) ,e^-lambda v ,dv =
          e^-G lambda left( frac 1 lambda - frac
          exp left(-G N e^-gamma/c right)
          N e^-gamma/c + lambda right).$$

          The antiderivative of the result has a closed form in terms of the incomplete gamma function:
          $$int I(-c ln u) ,d(-c ln u) =
          frac c e^-G lambda lambda left(
          int frac e^-G N u u du -
          int frac N e^-G N u N u + lambda du -
          ln u right) =\
          frac c e^-G lambda lambda
          (e^G lambda Gamma(0, G N u + G lambda) - Gamma(0, G N u) - ln u).$$

          $Gamma(0, u)$ is continuous on $(0, infty)$ and is $-ln u - gamma_e + O(u)$ at $0^+$, $gamma_e$ being Euler's constant. Therefore
          $$int_1^0 I(-c ln u) ,d(-c ln u) =
          frac c lambda
          (Gamma(0, G lambda) - Gamma(0, G N + G lambda) +
          e^-G lambda (Gamma(0, G N) + ln (G N) + gamma_e)).$$







          share|cite|improve this answer












          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer










          answered Apr 2 at 11:42









          MaximMaxim

          6,2481221




          6,2481221











          • $begingroup$
            In that case both integrals are elementary if you change the order of integration.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 18:56










          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU Everything is correct, you've answered your own question :).
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 20:37











          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU Just find the antiderivative of $1/(N w + lambda)$. The singularity is at $w = -lambda/N$, to the left of the interval of integration.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 20:58










          • $begingroup$
            sorry that wasn't the right question either, I've updated the question I actually have.
            $endgroup$
            – ZHU
            Apr 7 at 7:27










          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU This answer already gives a solution for that: first the antiderivative of $e^-u/u$ and then the expansion of the antiderivative at $0^+$.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 7 at 7:55

















          • $begingroup$
            In that case both integrals are elementary if you change the order of integration.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 18:56










          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU Everything is correct, you've answered your own question :).
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 20:37











          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU Just find the antiderivative of $1/(N w + lambda)$. The singularity is at $w = -lambda/N$, to the left of the interval of integration.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 20:58










          • $begingroup$
            sorry that wasn't the right question either, I've updated the question I actually have.
            $endgroup$
            – ZHU
            Apr 7 at 7:27










          • $begingroup$
            @ZHU This answer already gives a solution for that: first the antiderivative of $e^-u/u$ and then the expansion of the antiderivative at $0^+$.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 7 at 7:55
















          $begingroup$
          In that case both integrals are elementary if you change the order of integration.
          $endgroup$
          – Maxim
          Apr 2 at 18:56




          $begingroup$
          In that case both integrals are elementary if you change the order of integration.
          $endgroup$
          – Maxim
          Apr 2 at 18:56












          $begingroup$
          @ZHU Everything is correct, you've answered your own question :).
          $endgroup$
          – Maxim
          Apr 2 at 20:37





          $begingroup$
          @ZHU Everything is correct, you've answered your own question :).
          $endgroup$
          – Maxim
          Apr 2 at 20:37













          $begingroup$
          @ZHU Just find the antiderivative of $1/(N w + lambda)$. The singularity is at $w = -lambda/N$, to the left of the interval of integration.
          $endgroup$
          – Maxim
          Apr 2 at 20:58




          $begingroup$
          @ZHU Just find the antiderivative of $1/(N w + lambda)$. The singularity is at $w = -lambda/N$, to the left of the interval of integration.
          $endgroup$
          – Maxim
          Apr 2 at 20:58












          $begingroup$
          sorry that wasn't the right question either, I've updated the question I actually have.
          $endgroup$
          – ZHU
          Apr 7 at 7:27




          $begingroup$
          sorry that wasn't the right question either, I've updated the question I actually have.
          $endgroup$
          – ZHU
          Apr 7 at 7:27












          $begingroup$
          @ZHU This answer already gives a solution for that: first the antiderivative of $e^-u/u$ and then the expansion of the antiderivative at $0^+$.
          $endgroup$
          – Maxim
          Apr 7 at 7:55





          $begingroup$
          @ZHU This answer already gives a solution for that: first the antiderivative of $e^-u/u$ and then the expansion of the antiderivative at $0^+$.
          $endgroup$
          – Maxim
          Apr 7 at 7:55












          1












          $begingroup$

          The function
          $$
          vlongmapstoleft[1-expleft(-Nve^-gamma/cright)right]exp(-lambda v)
          $$

          has elementary primitive
          $$
          vlongmapsto
          frace^-Nv e^-gamma/c + gamma/c - lambda v
          lambda e^gamma/c + N
          - frace^-lambda v
          lambda.
          $$

          and
          $$
          int_0^inftyleft[1-expleft(-Nve^-gamma/cright)right]exp(-lambda v),dv = fracNlambda(lambda e^gamma/c + N),
          $$

          also with elementary primitive... (to be continued)






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            Why is it divergent? With a reasonable choice of parameters, the integrand is a difference of two decaying exponents.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 11:47











          • $begingroup$
            @Maxim, we have a dangling $(textconstant)v$
            $endgroup$
            – Martín-Blas Pérez Pinilla
            Apr 2 at 11:51










          • $begingroup$
            It just means your antiderivative is incorrect. Look at the integrand, its behavior at infinity is obvious.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 11:59















          1












          $begingroup$

          The function
          $$
          vlongmapstoleft[1-expleft(-Nve^-gamma/cright)right]exp(-lambda v)
          $$

          has elementary primitive
          $$
          vlongmapsto
          frace^-Nv e^-gamma/c + gamma/c - lambda v
          lambda e^gamma/c + N
          - frace^-lambda v
          lambda.
          $$

          and
          $$
          int_0^inftyleft[1-expleft(-Nve^-gamma/cright)right]exp(-lambda v),dv = fracNlambda(lambda e^gamma/c + N),
          $$

          also with elementary primitive... (to be continued)






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            Why is it divergent? With a reasonable choice of parameters, the integrand is a difference of two decaying exponents.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 11:47











          • $begingroup$
            @Maxim, we have a dangling $(textconstant)v$
            $endgroup$
            – Martín-Blas Pérez Pinilla
            Apr 2 at 11:51










          • $begingroup$
            It just means your antiderivative is incorrect. Look at the integrand, its behavior at infinity is obvious.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 11:59













          1












          1








          1





          $begingroup$

          The function
          $$
          vlongmapstoleft[1-expleft(-Nve^-gamma/cright)right]exp(-lambda v)
          $$

          has elementary primitive
          $$
          vlongmapsto
          frace^-Nv e^-gamma/c + gamma/c - lambda v
          lambda e^gamma/c + N
          - frace^-lambda v
          lambda.
          $$

          and
          $$
          int_0^inftyleft[1-expleft(-Nve^-gamma/cright)right]exp(-lambda v),dv = fracNlambda(lambda e^gamma/c + N),
          $$

          also with elementary primitive... (to be continued)






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$



          The function
          $$
          vlongmapstoleft[1-expleft(-Nve^-gamma/cright)right]exp(-lambda v)
          $$

          has elementary primitive
          $$
          vlongmapsto
          frace^-Nv e^-gamma/c + gamma/c - lambda v
          lambda e^gamma/c + N
          - frace^-lambda v
          lambda.
          $$

          and
          $$
          int_0^inftyleft[1-expleft(-Nve^-gamma/cright)right]exp(-lambda v),dv = fracNlambda(lambda e^gamma/c + N),
          $$

          also with elementary primitive... (to be continued)







          share|cite|improve this answer














          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer








          edited Apr 2 at 20:45

























          answered Apr 2 at 8:04









          Martín-Blas Pérez PinillaMartín-Blas Pérez Pinilla

          35.4k42972




          35.4k42972











          • $begingroup$
            Why is it divergent? With a reasonable choice of parameters, the integrand is a difference of two decaying exponents.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 11:47











          • $begingroup$
            @Maxim, we have a dangling $(textconstant)v$
            $endgroup$
            – Martín-Blas Pérez Pinilla
            Apr 2 at 11:51










          • $begingroup$
            It just means your antiderivative is incorrect. Look at the integrand, its behavior at infinity is obvious.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 11:59
















          • $begingroup$
            Why is it divergent? With a reasonable choice of parameters, the integrand is a difference of two decaying exponents.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 11:47











          • $begingroup$
            @Maxim, we have a dangling $(textconstant)v$
            $endgroup$
            – Martín-Blas Pérez Pinilla
            Apr 2 at 11:51










          • $begingroup$
            It just means your antiderivative is incorrect. Look at the integrand, its behavior at infinity is obvious.
            $endgroup$
            – Maxim
            Apr 2 at 11:59















          $begingroup$
          Why is it divergent? With a reasonable choice of parameters, the integrand is a difference of two decaying exponents.
          $endgroup$
          – Maxim
          Apr 2 at 11:47





          $begingroup$
          Why is it divergent? With a reasonable choice of parameters, the integrand is a difference of two decaying exponents.
          $endgroup$
          – Maxim
          Apr 2 at 11:47













          $begingroup$
          @Maxim, we have a dangling $(textconstant)v$
          $endgroup$
          – Martín-Blas Pérez Pinilla
          Apr 2 at 11:51




          $begingroup$
          @Maxim, we have a dangling $(textconstant)v$
          $endgroup$
          – Martín-Blas Pérez Pinilla
          Apr 2 at 11:51












          $begingroup$
          It just means your antiderivative is incorrect. Look at the integrand, its behavior at infinity is obvious.
          $endgroup$
          – Maxim
          Apr 2 at 11:59




          $begingroup$
          It just means your antiderivative is incorrect. Look at the integrand, its behavior at infinity is obvious.
          $endgroup$
          – Maxim
          Apr 2 at 11:59

















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