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If $N(x) = x-[f^prime(x)]^-1f(x)$ and $f(x^ast)=0$, how can I prove that $N^prime(x^ast) = 0$?



The Next CEO of Stack OverflowHow can I prove that $f(x):=frac1$ is not bounded above?Non Uniformly Elliptic Equations page 117 [G-T]Divergence in Definition of Laplace-Beltrami OperatorAn open $OmegasubseteqBbb R$ with $V=EcapOmega$ and $UsubsetOmega^c$, where $U,V$ are relatively open and separate $EsubseteqBbb R^n$Differential Form and Pullback of Composition of Smooth Functions (Proof Verification)Legendre-Fenchel transformation for $varphi, Big(,x, ,, f,big(,Phi,(,x,),big),Big)$.How to disprove existence of (total) derivativeProb. 17, Chap. 5 in Baby Rudin: If $f(-1)=0=f(0)=f^prime(0)$ and $f(1)=1$, then $f^(3)(x)geq 0$ for some $xin(-1,1)$There exist disjoint open sets $U_a ni a$ and $U_b ni b$ such that $overlineU_asubseteq U, overlineU_bsubseteq U$How can we prove the scaling property of the Dirac delta function rigorously?










0












$begingroup$


Let $Omegasubseteq mathbbR^n$ open in $mathbbR^n$ and $fin C^2(Omega,mathbbR^n)$. Let $N(x) = x-[f^prime(x)]^-1f(x)$, supose that:



  • there exist $x^astin Omega$ such that $f(x^ast)=0$,

  • for all $xinOmega$, we have $N(x)inOmega$.


  • $f^prime(x^ast)$ is not singular,


How can I prove that $N^prime(x^ast) = 0$?




My attempt. We have $N(x^ast)=x^ast$ if, only if, $f(x^ast)=0$. My strategy is to make Taylor's development of
$$
N(x^ast+v)=N(x^ast)+N^prime(x^ast)v+O(v^2)
$$

and show that the term $N^prime(x^ast)=0$ equals zero. Note that
beginalign
N(x^ast+v)
=&
(x^ast+v)-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1f(x^ast+v)
\
=&
N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1f(x^ast+v)
\
=&
N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast)]^-1f(x^ast+v)
\
&qquad+
Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)f(x^ast+v)
\
&=
N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast)]^-1Big(f(x^ast)+f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
\
&qquad+
Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)Big(f(x^ast)+f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
\
&=
N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast)]^-1Big(f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
\
&qquad+
Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)Big(f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
\
&=
N(x^ast)+O(v^2)
\
&qquad+
Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)Big(f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
endalign

But I can not eliminate the term $ v $ from the above expression.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$
















    0












    $begingroup$


    Let $Omegasubseteq mathbbR^n$ open in $mathbbR^n$ and $fin C^2(Omega,mathbbR^n)$. Let $N(x) = x-[f^prime(x)]^-1f(x)$, supose that:



    • there exist $x^astin Omega$ such that $f(x^ast)=0$,

    • for all $xinOmega$, we have $N(x)inOmega$.


    • $f^prime(x^ast)$ is not singular,


    How can I prove that $N^prime(x^ast) = 0$?




    My attempt. We have $N(x^ast)=x^ast$ if, only if, $f(x^ast)=0$. My strategy is to make Taylor's development of
    $$
    N(x^ast+v)=N(x^ast)+N^prime(x^ast)v+O(v^2)
    $$

    and show that the term $N^prime(x^ast)=0$ equals zero. Note that
    beginalign
    N(x^ast+v)
    =&
    (x^ast+v)-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1f(x^ast+v)
    \
    =&
    N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1f(x^ast+v)
    \
    =&
    N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast)]^-1f(x^ast+v)
    \
    &qquad+
    Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)f(x^ast+v)
    \
    &=
    N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast)]^-1Big(f(x^ast)+f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
    \
    &qquad+
    Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)Big(f(x^ast)+f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
    \
    &=
    N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast)]^-1Big(f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
    \
    &qquad+
    Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)Big(f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
    \
    &=
    N(x^ast)+O(v^2)
    \
    &qquad+
    Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)Big(f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
    endalign

    But I can not eliminate the term $ v $ from the above expression.










    share|cite|improve this question











    $endgroup$














      0












      0








      0





      $begingroup$


      Let $Omegasubseteq mathbbR^n$ open in $mathbbR^n$ and $fin C^2(Omega,mathbbR^n)$. Let $N(x) = x-[f^prime(x)]^-1f(x)$, supose that:



      • there exist $x^astin Omega$ such that $f(x^ast)=0$,

      • for all $xinOmega$, we have $N(x)inOmega$.


      • $f^prime(x^ast)$ is not singular,


      How can I prove that $N^prime(x^ast) = 0$?




      My attempt. We have $N(x^ast)=x^ast$ if, only if, $f(x^ast)=0$. My strategy is to make Taylor's development of
      $$
      N(x^ast+v)=N(x^ast)+N^prime(x^ast)v+O(v^2)
      $$

      and show that the term $N^prime(x^ast)=0$ equals zero. Note that
      beginalign
      N(x^ast+v)
      =&
      (x^ast+v)-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1f(x^ast+v)
      \
      =&
      N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1f(x^ast+v)
      \
      =&
      N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast)]^-1f(x^ast+v)
      \
      &qquad+
      Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)f(x^ast+v)
      \
      &=
      N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast)]^-1Big(f(x^ast)+f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
      \
      &qquad+
      Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)Big(f(x^ast)+f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
      \
      &=
      N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast)]^-1Big(f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
      \
      &qquad+
      Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)Big(f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
      \
      &=
      N(x^ast)+O(v^2)
      \
      &qquad+
      Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)Big(f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
      endalign

      But I can not eliminate the term $ v $ from the above expression.










      share|cite|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      Let $Omegasubseteq mathbbR^n$ open in $mathbbR^n$ and $fin C^2(Omega,mathbbR^n)$. Let $N(x) = x-[f^prime(x)]^-1f(x)$, supose that:



      • there exist $x^astin Omega$ such that $f(x^ast)=0$,

      • for all $xinOmega$, we have $N(x)inOmega$.


      • $f^prime(x^ast)$ is not singular,


      How can I prove that $N^prime(x^ast) = 0$?




      My attempt. We have $N(x^ast)=x^ast$ if, only if, $f(x^ast)=0$. My strategy is to make Taylor's development of
      $$
      N(x^ast+v)=N(x^ast)+N^prime(x^ast)v+O(v^2)
      $$

      and show that the term $N^prime(x^ast)=0$ equals zero. Note that
      beginalign
      N(x^ast+v)
      =&
      (x^ast+v)-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1f(x^ast+v)
      \
      =&
      N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1f(x^ast+v)
      \
      =&
      N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast)]^-1f(x^ast+v)
      \
      &qquad+
      Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)f(x^ast+v)
      \
      &=
      N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast)]^-1Big(f(x^ast)+f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
      \
      &qquad+
      Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)Big(f(x^ast)+f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
      \
      &=
      N(x^ast)+v-[f^prime(x^ast)]^-1Big(f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
      \
      &qquad+
      Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)Big(f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
      \
      &=
      N(x^ast)+O(v^2)
      \
      &qquad+
      Big([f^prime(x^ast)]^-1-[f^prime(x^ast+v)]^-1Big)Big(f^prime(x^ast)cdot v+O(v^2)Big)
      endalign

      But I can not eliminate the term $ v $ from the above expression.







      real-analysis derivatives taylor-expansion newton-raphson






      share|cite|improve this question















      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question




      share|cite|improve this question








      edited yesterday







      MathOverview

















      asked 2 days ago









      MathOverviewMathOverview

      8,96743164




      8,96743164




















          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          1












          $begingroup$

          Why not simply evaluating $N'(x)$ from its definition?



          Assuming there exists $g(x) = f^-1(x)$ in a neighborhood around $x^*$, as your problem satisfies the conditions of the Inverse Function Theorem.



          Then let $J[N](x)$ denote the Jacobian matrix of $N$ (which is preferable as notation when not working on a single dimension).



          Rewriting:
          $$
          N(x) = x - (J[f](x))^-1f(x)
          $$



          By inverse function theorem:



          $$
          N(x) = x - J[g](x)f(x)
          $$



          Now, taking the Jacobian of the above expression:



          $$
          N(x) = x - J[g](x)f(x)
          $$



          Deriving:
          $$
          J[N](x) = J[x](x) -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-J[g](x)J[f](x)
          $$

          The first term is trivial:
          $$
          J[N](x) = I -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-J[g](x)J[f](x)
          $$

          The last term is the identity due to the aforementioned theorem:
          $$
          J[N](x) = I -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-I
          $$

          $$
          J[N](x) = -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)
          $$



          Now, it might be difficult to compute $Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)$, and it is also a 3 dimensional tensor, and this notation may be crappy. But we have that $f(x^*)=0$, hence that term does not matter. So evaluating at $x^*$, we get a null matrix.






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$




















            0












            $begingroup$

            Note
            begineqnarray*
            &&lim_tto0fracN(x^*+tv)-N(x^*)t \
            &=&lim_tto0bigg v-frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1f(x^*+tv)-[f^prime(x^*)]^-1f(x^*)tbigg\
            &=&v-lim_tto0frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1[f(x^*+tv)-f(x^*)]t-lim_tto0frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1-[f^prime(x^*)]^-1f(x^*)t\
            &=&v-v=0.
            endeqnarray*






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$













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              2 Answers
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              active

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              2 Answers
              2






              active

              oldest

              votes









              active

              oldest

              votes






              active

              oldest

              votes









              1












              $begingroup$

              Why not simply evaluating $N'(x)$ from its definition?



              Assuming there exists $g(x) = f^-1(x)$ in a neighborhood around $x^*$, as your problem satisfies the conditions of the Inverse Function Theorem.



              Then let $J[N](x)$ denote the Jacobian matrix of $N$ (which is preferable as notation when not working on a single dimension).



              Rewriting:
              $$
              N(x) = x - (J[f](x))^-1f(x)
              $$



              By inverse function theorem:



              $$
              N(x) = x - J[g](x)f(x)
              $$



              Now, taking the Jacobian of the above expression:



              $$
              N(x) = x - J[g](x)f(x)
              $$



              Deriving:
              $$
              J[N](x) = J[x](x) -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-J[g](x)J[f](x)
              $$

              The first term is trivial:
              $$
              J[N](x) = I -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-J[g](x)J[f](x)
              $$

              The last term is the identity due to the aforementioned theorem:
              $$
              J[N](x) = I -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-I
              $$

              $$
              J[N](x) = -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)
              $$



              Now, it might be difficult to compute $Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)$, and it is also a 3 dimensional tensor, and this notation may be crappy. But we have that $f(x^*)=0$, hence that term does not matter. So evaluating at $x^*$, we get a null matrix.






              share|cite|improve this answer











              $endgroup$

















                1












                $begingroup$

                Why not simply evaluating $N'(x)$ from its definition?



                Assuming there exists $g(x) = f^-1(x)$ in a neighborhood around $x^*$, as your problem satisfies the conditions of the Inverse Function Theorem.



                Then let $J[N](x)$ denote the Jacobian matrix of $N$ (which is preferable as notation when not working on a single dimension).



                Rewriting:
                $$
                N(x) = x - (J[f](x))^-1f(x)
                $$



                By inverse function theorem:



                $$
                N(x) = x - J[g](x)f(x)
                $$



                Now, taking the Jacobian of the above expression:



                $$
                N(x) = x - J[g](x)f(x)
                $$



                Deriving:
                $$
                J[N](x) = J[x](x) -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-J[g](x)J[f](x)
                $$

                The first term is trivial:
                $$
                J[N](x) = I -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-J[g](x)J[f](x)
                $$

                The last term is the identity due to the aforementioned theorem:
                $$
                J[N](x) = I -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-I
                $$

                $$
                J[N](x) = -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)
                $$



                Now, it might be difficult to compute $Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)$, and it is also a 3 dimensional tensor, and this notation may be crappy. But we have that $f(x^*)=0$, hence that term does not matter. So evaluating at $x^*$, we get a null matrix.






                share|cite|improve this answer











                $endgroup$















                  1












                  1








                  1





                  $begingroup$

                  Why not simply evaluating $N'(x)$ from its definition?



                  Assuming there exists $g(x) = f^-1(x)$ in a neighborhood around $x^*$, as your problem satisfies the conditions of the Inverse Function Theorem.



                  Then let $J[N](x)$ denote the Jacobian matrix of $N$ (which is preferable as notation when not working on a single dimension).



                  Rewriting:
                  $$
                  N(x) = x - (J[f](x))^-1f(x)
                  $$



                  By inverse function theorem:



                  $$
                  N(x) = x - J[g](x)f(x)
                  $$



                  Now, taking the Jacobian of the above expression:



                  $$
                  N(x) = x - J[g](x)f(x)
                  $$



                  Deriving:
                  $$
                  J[N](x) = J[x](x) -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-J[g](x)J[f](x)
                  $$

                  The first term is trivial:
                  $$
                  J[N](x) = I -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-J[g](x)J[f](x)
                  $$

                  The last term is the identity due to the aforementioned theorem:
                  $$
                  J[N](x) = I -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-I
                  $$

                  $$
                  J[N](x) = -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)
                  $$



                  Now, it might be difficult to compute $Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)$, and it is also a 3 dimensional tensor, and this notation may be crappy. But we have that $f(x^*)=0$, hence that term does not matter. So evaluating at $x^*$, we get a null matrix.






                  share|cite|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$



                  Why not simply evaluating $N'(x)$ from its definition?



                  Assuming there exists $g(x) = f^-1(x)$ in a neighborhood around $x^*$, as your problem satisfies the conditions of the Inverse Function Theorem.



                  Then let $J[N](x)$ denote the Jacobian matrix of $N$ (which is preferable as notation when not working on a single dimension).



                  Rewriting:
                  $$
                  N(x) = x - (J[f](x))^-1f(x)
                  $$



                  By inverse function theorem:



                  $$
                  N(x) = x - J[g](x)f(x)
                  $$



                  Now, taking the Jacobian of the above expression:



                  $$
                  N(x) = x - J[g](x)f(x)
                  $$



                  Deriving:
                  $$
                  J[N](x) = J[x](x) -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-J[g](x)J[f](x)
                  $$

                  The first term is trivial:
                  $$
                  J[N](x) = I -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-J[g](x)J[f](x)
                  $$

                  The last term is the identity due to the aforementioned theorem:
                  $$
                  J[N](x) = I -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)-I
                  $$

                  $$
                  J[N](x) = -left(Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)right)f(x)
                  $$



                  Now, it might be difficult to compute $Jleft[J[g](x)right](x)$, and it is also a 3 dimensional tensor, and this notation may be crappy. But we have that $f(x^*)=0$, hence that term does not matter. So evaluating at $x^*$, we get a null matrix.







                  share|cite|improve this answer














                  share|cite|improve this answer



                  share|cite|improve this answer








                  edited yesterday

























                  answered 2 days ago









                  MefiticoMefitico

                  1,184218




                  1,184218





















                      0












                      $begingroup$

                      Note
                      begineqnarray*
                      &&lim_tto0fracN(x^*+tv)-N(x^*)t \
                      &=&lim_tto0bigg v-frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1f(x^*+tv)-[f^prime(x^*)]^-1f(x^*)tbigg\
                      &=&v-lim_tto0frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1[f(x^*+tv)-f(x^*)]t-lim_tto0frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1-[f^prime(x^*)]^-1f(x^*)t\
                      &=&v-v=0.
                      endeqnarray*






                      share|cite|improve this answer









                      $endgroup$

















                        0












                        $begingroup$

                        Note
                        begineqnarray*
                        &&lim_tto0fracN(x^*+tv)-N(x^*)t \
                        &=&lim_tto0bigg v-frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1f(x^*+tv)-[f^prime(x^*)]^-1f(x^*)tbigg\
                        &=&v-lim_tto0frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1[f(x^*+tv)-f(x^*)]t-lim_tto0frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1-[f^prime(x^*)]^-1f(x^*)t\
                        &=&v-v=0.
                        endeqnarray*






                        share|cite|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$















                          0












                          0








                          0





                          $begingroup$

                          Note
                          begineqnarray*
                          &&lim_tto0fracN(x^*+tv)-N(x^*)t \
                          &=&lim_tto0bigg v-frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1f(x^*+tv)-[f^prime(x^*)]^-1f(x^*)tbigg\
                          &=&v-lim_tto0frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1[f(x^*+tv)-f(x^*)]t-lim_tto0frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1-[f^prime(x^*)]^-1f(x^*)t\
                          &=&v-v=0.
                          endeqnarray*






                          share|cite|improve this answer









                          $endgroup$



                          Note
                          begineqnarray*
                          &&lim_tto0fracN(x^*+tv)-N(x^*)t \
                          &=&lim_tto0bigg v-frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1f(x^*+tv)-[f^prime(x^*)]^-1f(x^*)tbigg\
                          &=&v-lim_tto0frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1[f(x^*+tv)-f(x^*)]t-lim_tto0frac[f^prime(x^*+tv)]^-1-[f^prime(x^*)]^-1f(x^*)t\
                          &=&v-v=0.
                          endeqnarray*







                          share|cite|improve this answer












                          share|cite|improve this answer



                          share|cite|improve this answer










                          answered yesterday









                          xpaulxpaul

                          23.4k24655




                          23.4k24655



























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