Why is the proof that contour integrals of triangles on holomorphic domains not trivial? The Next CEO of Stack OverflowOn the proof of Goursat's LemmaComplex integral on a smooth curve contained in an open setIndependence of Circular Contour Radius - Part 2$oint_C(A-lambda I)^-1,dlambda=0$ implies interior of $C$ is in the resolvent.Hypotheses in Morera's theoremA modified version of Goursat's TheoremProof of residue thereomHelp understanding Stein's proof of the Cauchy Integral FormulaHow to show that the integral $frac12pi i int_gamma fracdzz - a$ is integer-valued when the curve $gamma$ is not piecewise smooth?Piece-wise smooth Rectifiable Jordan Curve with Grid Overlay.winding number of a triangle

Method for adding error messages to a dictionary given a key

Would a completely good Muggle be able to use a wand?

Why is quantifier elimination desirable for a given theory?

Flying from Cape Town to England and return to another province

How to sed chunks text from a stream of files from find

Does Germany produce more waste than the US?

Rotate a column

Why does the flight controls check come before arming the autobrake on the A320?

Is French Guiana a (hard) EU border?

Math-accent symbol over parentheses enclosing accented symbol (amsmath)

What steps are necessary to read a Modern SSD in Medieval Europe?

What is the value of α and β in a triangle?

Is there a way to save my career from absolute disaster?

Where do students learn to solve polynomial equations these days?

Can MTA send mail via a relay without being told so?

Why is the US ranked as #45 in Press Freedom ratings, despite its extremely permissive free speech laws?

Why did CATV standarize in 75 ohms and everyone else in 50?

Won the lottery - how do I keep the money?

How many extra stops do monopods offer for tele photographs?

If Nick Fury and Coulson already knew about aliens (Kree and Skrull) why did they wait until Thor's appearance to start making weapons?

Domestic-to-international connection at Orlando (MCO)

Axiom Schema vs Axiom

How to invert MapIndexed on a ragged structure? How to construct a tree from rules?

Does soap repel water?



Why is the proof that contour integrals of triangles on holomorphic domains not trivial?



The Next CEO of Stack OverflowOn the proof of Goursat's LemmaComplex integral on a smooth curve contained in an open setIndependence of Circular Contour Radius - Part 2$oint_C(A-lambda I)^-1,dlambda=0$ implies interior of $C$ is in the resolvent.Hypotheses in Morera's theoremA modified version of Goursat's TheoremProof of residue thereomHelp understanding Stein's proof of the Cauchy Integral FormulaHow to show that the integral $frac12pi i int_gamma fracdzz - a$ is integer-valued when the curve $gamma$ is not piecewise smooth?Piece-wise smooth Rectifiable Jordan Curve with Grid Overlay.winding number of a triangle










2












$begingroup$


My professor proved to us the following:



If γ is a closed [piecewise-smooth] curve in an open set Ω whose interior is also contained in Ω, f is continuous and has a primitive in Ω, then



$oint_gammaf(z)dz=0$.



He then went on to prove this:



Let Ω ⊂ C be an open set and T ⊂ Ω be a triangle [piecewise-smooth curve] whose interior is also contained in Ω, then whenever f is holomorphic in Ω



$oint_Tf(z)dz=0$.



The second proof was very long. He used it to justify that the contour integral of any polygon is zero, since any polygon is the union of triangles.



My question is, why was the second proof necessary? Surely it follows immediately from the first result? Apart from the square brackets, everything I've written is directly copy-pasted from his lecture notes. I don't see why the first result doesn't just make the second trivial.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$







  • 5




    $begingroup$
    The entire point of the second statement (Goursat’s theorem) is that you’re no longer assuming that $f$ has a primitive—this is a key step towards eventually proving that holomorphic functions are analytic.
    $endgroup$
    – Branimir Ćaćić
    Mar 26 at 13:24










  • $begingroup$
    @BranimirĆaćić Add that as an answer and I can accept it.
    $endgroup$
    – otah007
    Mar 26 at 21:53










  • $begingroup$
    You can take a look at thisone for Goursat not being such a big deal. Goursat says for $f$ holomorphic then $F(z)=int_a^z f(s)ds$ is well-defined (it doesn't depend on the path $a to z$) so $F$ is a primitive of $f$.
    $endgroup$
    – reuns
    Mar 27 at 0:32
















2












$begingroup$


My professor proved to us the following:



If γ is a closed [piecewise-smooth] curve in an open set Ω whose interior is also contained in Ω, f is continuous and has a primitive in Ω, then



$oint_gammaf(z)dz=0$.



He then went on to prove this:



Let Ω ⊂ C be an open set and T ⊂ Ω be a triangle [piecewise-smooth curve] whose interior is also contained in Ω, then whenever f is holomorphic in Ω



$oint_Tf(z)dz=0$.



The second proof was very long. He used it to justify that the contour integral of any polygon is zero, since any polygon is the union of triangles.



My question is, why was the second proof necessary? Surely it follows immediately from the first result? Apart from the square brackets, everything I've written is directly copy-pasted from his lecture notes. I don't see why the first result doesn't just make the second trivial.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$







  • 5




    $begingroup$
    The entire point of the second statement (Goursat’s theorem) is that you’re no longer assuming that $f$ has a primitive—this is a key step towards eventually proving that holomorphic functions are analytic.
    $endgroup$
    – Branimir Ćaćić
    Mar 26 at 13:24










  • $begingroup$
    @BranimirĆaćić Add that as an answer and I can accept it.
    $endgroup$
    – otah007
    Mar 26 at 21:53










  • $begingroup$
    You can take a look at thisone for Goursat not being such a big deal. Goursat says for $f$ holomorphic then $F(z)=int_a^z f(s)ds$ is well-defined (it doesn't depend on the path $a to z$) so $F$ is a primitive of $f$.
    $endgroup$
    – reuns
    Mar 27 at 0:32














2












2








2





$begingroup$


My professor proved to us the following:



If γ is a closed [piecewise-smooth] curve in an open set Ω whose interior is also contained in Ω, f is continuous and has a primitive in Ω, then



$oint_gammaf(z)dz=0$.



He then went on to prove this:



Let Ω ⊂ C be an open set and T ⊂ Ω be a triangle [piecewise-smooth curve] whose interior is also contained in Ω, then whenever f is holomorphic in Ω



$oint_Tf(z)dz=0$.



The second proof was very long. He used it to justify that the contour integral of any polygon is zero, since any polygon is the union of triangles.



My question is, why was the second proof necessary? Surely it follows immediately from the first result? Apart from the square brackets, everything I've written is directly copy-pasted from his lecture notes. I don't see why the first result doesn't just make the second trivial.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$




My professor proved to us the following:



If γ is a closed [piecewise-smooth] curve in an open set Ω whose interior is also contained in Ω, f is continuous and has a primitive in Ω, then



$oint_gammaf(z)dz=0$.



He then went on to prove this:



Let Ω ⊂ C be an open set and T ⊂ Ω be a triangle [piecewise-smooth curve] whose interior is also contained in Ω, then whenever f is holomorphic in Ω



$oint_Tf(z)dz=0$.



The second proof was very long. He used it to justify that the contour integral of any polygon is zero, since any polygon is the union of triangles.



My question is, why was the second proof necessary? Surely it follows immediately from the first result? Apart from the square brackets, everything I've written is directly copy-pasted from his lecture notes. I don't see why the first result doesn't just make the second trivial.







complex-analysis analysis






share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question











share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question










asked Mar 26 at 13:19









otah007otah007

1568




1568







  • 5




    $begingroup$
    The entire point of the second statement (Goursat’s theorem) is that you’re no longer assuming that $f$ has a primitive—this is a key step towards eventually proving that holomorphic functions are analytic.
    $endgroup$
    – Branimir Ćaćić
    Mar 26 at 13:24










  • $begingroup$
    @BranimirĆaćić Add that as an answer and I can accept it.
    $endgroup$
    – otah007
    Mar 26 at 21:53










  • $begingroup$
    You can take a look at thisone for Goursat not being such a big deal. Goursat says for $f$ holomorphic then $F(z)=int_a^z f(s)ds$ is well-defined (it doesn't depend on the path $a to z$) so $F$ is a primitive of $f$.
    $endgroup$
    – reuns
    Mar 27 at 0:32













  • 5




    $begingroup$
    The entire point of the second statement (Goursat’s theorem) is that you’re no longer assuming that $f$ has a primitive—this is a key step towards eventually proving that holomorphic functions are analytic.
    $endgroup$
    – Branimir Ćaćić
    Mar 26 at 13:24










  • $begingroup$
    @BranimirĆaćić Add that as an answer and I can accept it.
    $endgroup$
    – otah007
    Mar 26 at 21:53










  • $begingroup$
    You can take a look at thisone for Goursat not being such a big deal. Goursat says for $f$ holomorphic then $F(z)=int_a^z f(s)ds$ is well-defined (it doesn't depend on the path $a to z$) so $F$ is a primitive of $f$.
    $endgroup$
    – reuns
    Mar 27 at 0:32








5




5




$begingroup$
The entire point of the second statement (Goursat’s theorem) is that you’re no longer assuming that $f$ has a primitive—this is a key step towards eventually proving that holomorphic functions are analytic.
$endgroup$
– Branimir Ćaćić
Mar 26 at 13:24




$begingroup$
The entire point of the second statement (Goursat’s theorem) is that you’re no longer assuming that $f$ has a primitive—this is a key step towards eventually proving that holomorphic functions are analytic.
$endgroup$
– Branimir Ćaćić
Mar 26 at 13:24












$begingroup$
@BranimirĆaćić Add that as an answer and I can accept it.
$endgroup$
– otah007
Mar 26 at 21:53




$begingroup$
@BranimirĆaćić Add that as an answer and I can accept it.
$endgroup$
– otah007
Mar 26 at 21:53












$begingroup$
You can take a look at thisone for Goursat not being such a big deal. Goursat says for $f$ holomorphic then $F(z)=int_a^z f(s)ds$ is well-defined (it doesn't depend on the path $a to z$) so $F$ is a primitive of $f$.
$endgroup$
– reuns
Mar 27 at 0:32





$begingroup$
You can take a look at thisone for Goursat not being such a big deal. Goursat says for $f$ holomorphic then $F(z)=int_a^z f(s)ds$ is well-defined (it doesn't depend on the path $a to z$) so $F$ is a primitive of $f$.
$endgroup$
– reuns
Mar 27 at 0:32











1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















0












$begingroup$

Branimir Ćaćić already explained why the first result doesn't imply the second result. But there's something else: The first result is stated in a strange way. There is no need to assume the interior of $gamma$ is contained in $Omega.$ If $f$ is continuous on an open set $Omegasubset mathbb C$ and $f$ has a primitive in $Omega,$ then $int_gamma f(z),dz=0$ for any closed contour $gamma$ in $Omega.$ This follows from the fundamental theorem of calculus. Yes, the FTC you learned in ordinary calculus. There's nothing of any depth (beyond the depth of Calc. 1) happening here. It's good to understand this.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    I know the second result doesn't follow from the first, I'm asking why it doesn't. Branimir Ćaćić's comment is correct - it is to do with the assumption of the existence of a primitive. Also, it does depend on the interior of γ being contained in Ω, since if it wasn't then there might be a pole inside γ and the integral would be non-zero. Restating the result and closing with 'I don't know' isn't a very helpful answer...
    $endgroup$
    – otah007
    Mar 26 at 21:52











  • $begingroup$
    @zhw: Nothing weird is happening; as far as I know this is a perfectly normal sequence of results in a complex analysis course. Perhaps you have misread the question? The OP is asking why the second result cannot be deduced immediately from the first.
    $endgroup$
    – Will R
    Mar 26 at 22:06










  • $begingroup$
    @otah007 Yes, the comment of Branimir Ćaćić explained why the second result doesn't follow from the first. I felt no need to comment further on it. But I noticed something else, which was the way you stated the first result. That result does not depend on the interior of $gamma$ being contained in $Omega.$ As i said, the proof is elementary; it follows from the FTC. If your professor stated it as you have it, then that is indeed strange.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 18:49











  • $begingroup$
    @WillR It's not normal to state the first result as the OP has it. That's what I was addressing.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 18:52










  • $begingroup$
    I edited my answer; hopefully it's clearer now.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 19:02











Your Answer





StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function ()
return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function ()
StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix)
StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
);
);
, "mathjax-editing");

StackExchange.ready(function()
var channelOptions =
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "69"
;
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
createEditor();
);

else
createEditor();

);

function createEditor()
StackExchange.prepareEditor(
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader:
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
,
noCode: true, onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
);



);













draft saved

draft discarded


















StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3163159%2fwhy-is-the-proof-that-contour-integrals-of-triangles-on-holomorphic-domains-not%23new-answer', 'question_page');

);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown

























1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









0












$begingroup$

Branimir Ćaćić already explained why the first result doesn't imply the second result. But there's something else: The first result is stated in a strange way. There is no need to assume the interior of $gamma$ is contained in $Omega.$ If $f$ is continuous on an open set $Omegasubset mathbb C$ and $f$ has a primitive in $Omega,$ then $int_gamma f(z),dz=0$ for any closed contour $gamma$ in $Omega.$ This follows from the fundamental theorem of calculus. Yes, the FTC you learned in ordinary calculus. There's nothing of any depth (beyond the depth of Calc. 1) happening here. It's good to understand this.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    I know the second result doesn't follow from the first, I'm asking why it doesn't. Branimir Ćaćić's comment is correct - it is to do with the assumption of the existence of a primitive. Also, it does depend on the interior of γ being contained in Ω, since if it wasn't then there might be a pole inside γ and the integral would be non-zero. Restating the result and closing with 'I don't know' isn't a very helpful answer...
    $endgroup$
    – otah007
    Mar 26 at 21:52











  • $begingroup$
    @zhw: Nothing weird is happening; as far as I know this is a perfectly normal sequence of results in a complex analysis course. Perhaps you have misread the question? The OP is asking why the second result cannot be deduced immediately from the first.
    $endgroup$
    – Will R
    Mar 26 at 22:06










  • $begingroup$
    @otah007 Yes, the comment of Branimir Ćaćić explained why the second result doesn't follow from the first. I felt no need to comment further on it. But I noticed something else, which was the way you stated the first result. That result does not depend on the interior of $gamma$ being contained in $Omega.$ As i said, the proof is elementary; it follows from the FTC. If your professor stated it as you have it, then that is indeed strange.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 18:49











  • $begingroup$
    @WillR It's not normal to state the first result as the OP has it. That's what I was addressing.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 18:52










  • $begingroup$
    I edited my answer; hopefully it's clearer now.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 19:02















0












$begingroup$

Branimir Ćaćić already explained why the first result doesn't imply the second result. But there's something else: The first result is stated in a strange way. There is no need to assume the interior of $gamma$ is contained in $Omega.$ If $f$ is continuous on an open set $Omegasubset mathbb C$ and $f$ has a primitive in $Omega,$ then $int_gamma f(z),dz=0$ for any closed contour $gamma$ in $Omega.$ This follows from the fundamental theorem of calculus. Yes, the FTC you learned in ordinary calculus. There's nothing of any depth (beyond the depth of Calc. 1) happening here. It's good to understand this.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    I know the second result doesn't follow from the first, I'm asking why it doesn't. Branimir Ćaćić's comment is correct - it is to do with the assumption of the existence of a primitive. Also, it does depend on the interior of γ being contained in Ω, since if it wasn't then there might be a pole inside γ and the integral would be non-zero. Restating the result and closing with 'I don't know' isn't a very helpful answer...
    $endgroup$
    – otah007
    Mar 26 at 21:52











  • $begingroup$
    @zhw: Nothing weird is happening; as far as I know this is a perfectly normal sequence of results in a complex analysis course. Perhaps you have misread the question? The OP is asking why the second result cannot be deduced immediately from the first.
    $endgroup$
    – Will R
    Mar 26 at 22:06










  • $begingroup$
    @otah007 Yes, the comment of Branimir Ćaćić explained why the second result doesn't follow from the first. I felt no need to comment further on it. But I noticed something else, which was the way you stated the first result. That result does not depend on the interior of $gamma$ being contained in $Omega.$ As i said, the proof is elementary; it follows from the FTC. If your professor stated it as you have it, then that is indeed strange.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 18:49











  • $begingroup$
    @WillR It's not normal to state the first result as the OP has it. That's what I was addressing.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 18:52










  • $begingroup$
    I edited my answer; hopefully it's clearer now.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 19:02













0












0








0





$begingroup$

Branimir Ćaćić already explained why the first result doesn't imply the second result. But there's something else: The first result is stated in a strange way. There is no need to assume the interior of $gamma$ is contained in $Omega.$ If $f$ is continuous on an open set $Omegasubset mathbb C$ and $f$ has a primitive in $Omega,$ then $int_gamma f(z),dz=0$ for any closed contour $gamma$ in $Omega.$ This follows from the fundamental theorem of calculus. Yes, the FTC you learned in ordinary calculus. There's nothing of any depth (beyond the depth of Calc. 1) happening here. It's good to understand this.






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$



Branimir Ćaćić already explained why the first result doesn't imply the second result. But there's something else: The first result is stated in a strange way. There is no need to assume the interior of $gamma$ is contained in $Omega.$ If $f$ is continuous on an open set $Omegasubset mathbb C$ and $f$ has a primitive in $Omega,$ then $int_gamma f(z),dz=0$ for any closed contour $gamma$ in $Omega.$ This follows from the fundamental theorem of calculus. Yes, the FTC you learned in ordinary calculus. There's nothing of any depth (beyond the depth of Calc. 1) happening here. It's good to understand this.







share|cite|improve this answer














share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer








edited Mar 27 at 19:01

























answered Mar 26 at 21:40









zhw.zhw.

74.8k43175




74.8k43175











  • $begingroup$
    I know the second result doesn't follow from the first, I'm asking why it doesn't. Branimir Ćaćić's comment is correct - it is to do with the assumption of the existence of a primitive. Also, it does depend on the interior of γ being contained in Ω, since if it wasn't then there might be a pole inside γ and the integral would be non-zero. Restating the result and closing with 'I don't know' isn't a very helpful answer...
    $endgroup$
    – otah007
    Mar 26 at 21:52











  • $begingroup$
    @zhw: Nothing weird is happening; as far as I know this is a perfectly normal sequence of results in a complex analysis course. Perhaps you have misread the question? The OP is asking why the second result cannot be deduced immediately from the first.
    $endgroup$
    – Will R
    Mar 26 at 22:06










  • $begingroup$
    @otah007 Yes, the comment of Branimir Ćaćić explained why the second result doesn't follow from the first. I felt no need to comment further on it. But I noticed something else, which was the way you stated the first result. That result does not depend on the interior of $gamma$ being contained in $Omega.$ As i said, the proof is elementary; it follows from the FTC. If your professor stated it as you have it, then that is indeed strange.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 18:49











  • $begingroup$
    @WillR It's not normal to state the first result as the OP has it. That's what I was addressing.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 18:52










  • $begingroup$
    I edited my answer; hopefully it's clearer now.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 19:02
















  • $begingroup$
    I know the second result doesn't follow from the first, I'm asking why it doesn't. Branimir Ćaćić's comment is correct - it is to do with the assumption of the existence of a primitive. Also, it does depend on the interior of γ being contained in Ω, since if it wasn't then there might be a pole inside γ and the integral would be non-zero. Restating the result and closing with 'I don't know' isn't a very helpful answer...
    $endgroup$
    – otah007
    Mar 26 at 21:52











  • $begingroup$
    @zhw: Nothing weird is happening; as far as I know this is a perfectly normal sequence of results in a complex analysis course. Perhaps you have misread the question? The OP is asking why the second result cannot be deduced immediately from the first.
    $endgroup$
    – Will R
    Mar 26 at 22:06










  • $begingroup$
    @otah007 Yes, the comment of Branimir Ćaćić explained why the second result doesn't follow from the first. I felt no need to comment further on it. But I noticed something else, which was the way you stated the first result. That result does not depend on the interior of $gamma$ being contained in $Omega.$ As i said, the proof is elementary; it follows from the FTC. If your professor stated it as you have it, then that is indeed strange.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 18:49











  • $begingroup$
    @WillR It's not normal to state the first result as the OP has it. That's what I was addressing.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 18:52










  • $begingroup$
    I edited my answer; hopefully it's clearer now.
    $endgroup$
    – zhw.
    Mar 27 at 19:02















$begingroup$
I know the second result doesn't follow from the first, I'm asking why it doesn't. Branimir Ćaćić's comment is correct - it is to do with the assumption of the existence of a primitive. Also, it does depend on the interior of γ being contained in Ω, since if it wasn't then there might be a pole inside γ and the integral would be non-zero. Restating the result and closing with 'I don't know' isn't a very helpful answer...
$endgroup$
– otah007
Mar 26 at 21:52





$begingroup$
I know the second result doesn't follow from the first, I'm asking why it doesn't. Branimir Ćaćić's comment is correct - it is to do with the assumption of the existence of a primitive. Also, it does depend on the interior of γ being contained in Ω, since if it wasn't then there might be a pole inside γ and the integral would be non-zero. Restating the result and closing with 'I don't know' isn't a very helpful answer...
$endgroup$
– otah007
Mar 26 at 21:52













$begingroup$
@zhw: Nothing weird is happening; as far as I know this is a perfectly normal sequence of results in a complex analysis course. Perhaps you have misread the question? The OP is asking why the second result cannot be deduced immediately from the first.
$endgroup$
– Will R
Mar 26 at 22:06




$begingroup$
@zhw: Nothing weird is happening; as far as I know this is a perfectly normal sequence of results in a complex analysis course. Perhaps you have misread the question? The OP is asking why the second result cannot be deduced immediately from the first.
$endgroup$
– Will R
Mar 26 at 22:06












$begingroup$
@otah007 Yes, the comment of Branimir Ćaćić explained why the second result doesn't follow from the first. I felt no need to comment further on it. But I noticed something else, which was the way you stated the first result. That result does not depend on the interior of $gamma$ being contained in $Omega.$ As i said, the proof is elementary; it follows from the FTC. If your professor stated it as you have it, then that is indeed strange.
$endgroup$
– zhw.
Mar 27 at 18:49





$begingroup$
@otah007 Yes, the comment of Branimir Ćaćić explained why the second result doesn't follow from the first. I felt no need to comment further on it. But I noticed something else, which was the way you stated the first result. That result does not depend on the interior of $gamma$ being contained in $Omega.$ As i said, the proof is elementary; it follows from the FTC. If your professor stated it as you have it, then that is indeed strange.
$endgroup$
– zhw.
Mar 27 at 18:49













$begingroup$
@WillR It's not normal to state the first result as the OP has it. That's what I was addressing.
$endgroup$
– zhw.
Mar 27 at 18:52




$begingroup$
@WillR It's not normal to state the first result as the OP has it. That's what I was addressing.
$endgroup$
– zhw.
Mar 27 at 18:52












$begingroup$
I edited my answer; hopefully it's clearer now.
$endgroup$
– zhw.
Mar 27 at 19:02




$begingroup$
I edited my answer; hopefully it's clearer now.
$endgroup$
– zhw.
Mar 27 at 19:02

















draft saved

draft discarded
















































Thanks for contributing an answer to Mathematics Stack Exchange!


  • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

But avoid


  • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

  • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




draft saved


draft discarded














StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3163159%2fwhy-is-the-proof-that-contour-integrals-of-triangles-on-holomorphic-domains-not%23new-answer', 'question_page');

);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown





















































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown

































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown







Popular posts from this blog

Boston (Lincolnshire) Stedsbyld | Berne yn Boston | NavigaasjemenuBoston Borough CouncilBoston, Lincolnshire

Ballerup Komuun Stääden an saarpen | Futnuuten | Luke uk diar | Nawigatsjuunwww.ballerup.dkwww.statistikbanken.dk: Tabelle BEF44 (Folketal pr. 1. januar fordelt på byer)Commonskategorii: Ballerup Komuun55° 44′ N, 12° 22′ O

Serbia Índice Etimología Historia Geografía Entorno natural División administrativa Política Demografía Economía Cultura Deportes Véase también Notas Referencias Bibliografía Enlaces externos Menú de navegación44°49′00″N 20°28′00″E / 44.816666666667, 20.46666666666744°49′00″N 20°28′00″E / 44.816666666667, 20.466666666667U.S. Department of Commerce (2015)«Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano 2018»Kosovo-Metohija.Neutralna Srbija u NATO okruzenju.The SerbsTheories on the Origin of the Serbs.Serbia.Earls: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases.Egeo y Balcanes.Kalemegdan.Southern Pannonia during the age of the Great Migrations.Culture in Serbia.History.The Serbian Origin of the Montenegrins.Nemanjics' period (1186-1353).Stefan Uros (1355-1371).Serbian medieval history.Habsburg–Ottoman Wars (1525–1718).The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922.The First Serbian Uprising.Miloš, prince of Serbia.3. Bosnia-Hercegovina and the Congress of Berlin.The Balkan Wars and the Partition of Macedonia.The Falcon and the Eagle: Montenegro and Austria-Hungary, 1908-1914.Typhus fever on the eastern front in World War I.Anniversary of WWI battle marked in Serbia.La derrota austriaca en los Balcanes. Fin del Imperio Austro-Húngaro.Imperio austriaco y Reino de Hungría.Los tiempos modernos: del capitalismo a la globalización, siglos XVII al XXI.The period of Croatia within ex-Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia: Much in a Name.Las dictaduras europeas.Croacia: mito y realidad."Crods ask arms".Prólogo a la invasión.La campaña de los Balcanes.La resistencia en Yugoslavia.Jasenovac Research Institute.Día en memoria de las víctimas del genocidio en la Segunda Guerra Mundial.El infierno estuvo en Jasenovac.Croacia empieza a «desenterrar» a sus muertos de Jasenovac.World fascism: a historical encyclopedia, Volumen 1.Tito. Josip Broz.El nuevo orden y la resistencia.La conquista del poder.Algunos aspectos de la economía yugoslava a mediados de 1962.Albania-Kosovo crisis.De Kosovo a Kosova: una visión demográfica.La crisis de la economía yugoslava y la política de "estabilización".Milosevic: el poder de un absolutista."Serbia under Milošević: politics in the 1990s"Milosevic cavó en Kosovo la tumba de la antigua Yugoslavia.La ONU exculpa a Serbia de genocidio en la guerra de Bosnia.Slobodan Milosevic, el burócrata que supo usar el odio.Es la fuerza contra el sufrimiento de muchos inocentes.Matanza de civiles al bombardear la OTAN un puente mientras pasaba un tren.Las consecuencias negativas de los bombardeos de Yugoslavia se sentirán aún durante largo tiempo.Kostunica advierte que la misión de Europa en Kosovo es ilegal.Las 24 horas más largas en la vida de Slobodan Milosevic.Serbia declara la guerra a la mafia por matar a Djindjic.Tadic presentará "quizás en diciembre" la solicitud de entrada en la UE.Montenegro declara su independencia de Serbia.Serbia se declara estado soberano tras separación de Montenegro.«Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government of Kosovo (Request for Advisory Opinion)»Mladic pasa por el médico antes de la audiencia para extraditarloDatos de Serbia y Kosovo.The Carpathian Mountains.Position, Relief, Climate.Transport.Finding birds in Serbia.U Srbiji do 2010. godine 10% teritorije nacionalni parkovi.Geography.Serbia: Climate.Variability of Climate In Serbia In The Second Half of The 20thc Entury.BASIC CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE TERRITORY OF SERBIA.Fauna y flora: Serbia.Serbia and Montenegro.Información general sobre Serbia.Republic of Serbia Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA).Serbia recycling 15% of waste.Reform process of the Serbian energy sector.20-MW Wind Project Being Developed in Serbia.Las Naciones Unidas. Paz para Kosovo.Aniversario sin fiesta.Population by national or ethnic groups by Census 2002.Article 7. Coat of arms, flag and national anthem.Serbia, flag of.Historia.«Serbia and Montenegro in Pictures»Serbia.Serbia aprueba su nueva Constitución con un apoyo de más del 50%.Serbia. Population.«El nacionalista Nikolic gana las elecciones presidenciales en Serbia»El europeísta Borís Tadic gana la segunda vuelta de las presidenciales serbias.Aleksandar Vucic, de ultranacionalista serbio a fervoroso europeístaKostunica condena la declaración del "falso estado" de Kosovo.Comienza el debate sobre la independencia de Kosovo en el TIJ.La Corte Internacional de Justicia dice que Kosovo no violó el derecho internacional al declarar su independenciaKosovo: Enviado de la ONU advierte tensiones y fragilidad.«Bruselas recomienda negociar la adhesión de Serbia tras el acuerdo sobre Kosovo»Monografía de Serbia.Bez smanjivanja Vojske Srbije.Military statistics Serbia and Montenegro.Šutanovac: Vojni budžet za 2009. godinu 70 milijardi dinara.Serbia-Montenegro shortens obligatory military service to six months.No hay justicia para las víctimas de los bombardeos de la OTAN.Zapatero reitera la negativa de España a reconocer la independencia de Kosovo.Anniversary of the signing of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement.Detenido en Serbia Radovan Karadzic, el criminal de guerra más buscado de Europa."Serbia presentará su candidatura de acceso a la UE antes de fin de año".Serbia solicita la adhesión a la UE.Detenido el exgeneral serbobosnio Ratko Mladic, principal acusado del genocidio en los Balcanes«Lista de todos los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas que son parte o signatarios en los diversos instrumentos de derechos humanos de las Naciones Unidas»versión pdfProtocolo Facultativo de la Convención sobre la Eliminación de todas las Formas de Discriminación contra la MujerConvención contra la tortura y otros tratos o penas crueles, inhumanos o degradantesversión pdfProtocolo Facultativo de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con DiscapacidadEl ACNUR recibe con beneplácito el envío de tropas de la OTAN a Kosovo y se prepara ante una posible llegada de refugiados a Serbia.Kosovo.- El jefe de la Minuk denuncia que los serbios boicotearon las legislativas por 'presiones'.Bosnia and Herzegovina. Population.Datos básicos de Montenegro, historia y evolución política.Serbia y Montenegro. Indicador: Tasa global de fecundidad (por 1000 habitantes).Serbia y Montenegro. Indicador: Tasa bruta de mortalidad (por 1000 habitantes).Population.Falleció el patriarca de la Iglesia Ortodoxa serbia.Atacan en Kosovo autobuses con peregrinos tras la investidura del patriarca serbio IrinejSerbian in Hungary.Tasas de cambio."Kosovo es de todos sus ciudadanos".Report for Serbia.Country groups by income.GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA 1997–2007.Economic Trends in the Republic of Serbia 2006.National Accounts Statitics.Саопштења за јавност.GDP per inhabitant varied by one to six across the EU27 Member States.Un pacto de estabilidad para Serbia.Unemployment rate rises in Serbia.Serbia, Belarus agree free trade to woo investors.Serbia, Turkey call investors to Serbia.Success Stories.U.S. Private Investment in Serbia and Montenegro.Positive trend.Banks in Serbia.La Cámara de Comercio acompaña a empresas madrileñas a Serbia y Croacia.Serbia Industries.Energy and mining.Agriculture.Late crops, fruit and grapes output, 2008.Rebranding Serbia: A Hobby Shortly to Become a Full-Time Job.Final data on livestock statistics, 2008.Serbian cell-phone users.U Srbiji sve više računara.Телекомуникације.U Srbiji 27 odsto gradjana koristi Internet.Serbia and Montenegro.Тренд гледаности програма РТС-а у 2008. и 2009.години.Serbian railways.General Terms.El mercado del transporte aéreo en Serbia.Statistics.Vehículos de motor registrados.Planes ambiciosos para el transporte fluvial.Turismo.Turistički promet u Republici Srbiji u periodu januar-novembar 2007. godine.Your Guide to Culture.Novi Sad - city of culture.Nis - european crossroads.Serbia. Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List .Stari Ras and Sopoćani.Studenica Monastery.Medieval Monuments in Kosovo.Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius.Skiing and snowboarding in Kopaonik.Tara.New7Wonders of Nature Finalists.Pilgrimage of Saint Sava.Exit Festival: Best european festival.Banje u Srbiji.«The Encyclopedia of world history»Culture.Centenario del arte serbio.«Djordje Andrejevic Kun: el único pintor de los brigadistas yugoslavos de la guerra civil española»About the museum.The collections.Miroslav Gospel – Manuscript from 1180.Historicity in the Serbo-Croatian Heroic Epic.Culture and Sport.Conversación con el rector del Seminario San Sava.'Reina Margot' funde drama, historia y gesto con música de Goran Bregovic.Serbia gana Eurovisión y España decepciona de nuevo con un vigésimo puesto.Home.Story.Emir Kusturica.Tercer oro para Paskaljevic.Nikola Tesla Year.Home.Tesla, un genio tomado por loco.Aniversario de la muerte de Nikola Tesla.El Museo Nikola Tesla en Belgrado.El inventor del mundo actual.República de Serbia.University of Belgrade official statistics.University of Novi Sad.University of Kragujevac.University of Nis.Comida. Cocina serbia.Cooking.Montenegro se convertirá en el miembro 204 del movimiento olímpico.España, campeona de Europa de baloncesto.El Partizan de Belgrado se corona campeón por octava vez consecutiva.Serbia se clasifica para el Mundial de 2010 de Sudáfrica.Serbia Name Squad For Northern Ireland And South Korea Tests.Fútbol.- El Partizán de Belgrado se proclama campeón de la Liga serbia.Clasificacion final Mundial de balonmano Croacia 2009.Serbia vence a España y se consagra campeón mundial de waterpolo.Novak Djokovic no convence pero gana en Australia.Gana Ana Ivanovic el Roland Garros.Serena Williams gana el US Open por tercera vez.Biography.Bradt Travel Guide SerbiaThe Encyclopedia of World War IGobierno de SerbiaPortal del Gobierno de SerbiaPresidencia de SerbiaAsamblea Nacional SerbiaMinisterio de Asuntos exteriores de SerbiaBanco Nacional de SerbiaAgencia Serbia para la Promoción de la Inversión y la ExportaciónOficina de Estadísticas de SerbiaCIA. Factbook 2008Organización nacional de turismo de SerbiaDiscover SerbiaConoce SerbiaNoticias de SerbiaSerbiaWorldCat1512028760000 0000 9526 67094054598-2n8519591900570825ge1309191004530741010url17413117006669D055771Serbia