Show that $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)=mathbbQ(sqrt3)$. Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)Let $a$ be a complex zero of $x^2+x+1$ over $mathbbQ$. Prove that $mathbbQ(sqrta)=mathbbQ(a)$.Show that $mathbbQ(sqrt-14,sqrt-2sqrt2-1)$ has degree 8 over $mathbbQ$Degree of Field Extension $mathbbQ(sqrt[4]2):mathbbQ(sqrt2)$Prove that there exists no algebraically closed field $F$ such that $barmathbbQ subsetneq F subsetneq overlinemathbbQ(pi)$Alternative way to show $sqrt2+ sqrt3$ is algebraic over $mathbbQ$ of degree 4.Proof that $[overlinemathbb Q:mathbb Rcapoverlinemathbb Q]=2$Show that the algebraic closure of $F$ in $K$ is an algebraic closure of $F$.$mathbb Q(zeta_m)capmathbb Q(zeta_n)=mathbb Q(zeta_d)$Degree of the field of rational numbers extended by a complex numberShow that $mathbbQ(sqrt3,sqrt[4]3, sqrt[8]3,…)$ is algebraic over $mathbbQ$ but not a finite extension.
Did Xerox really develop the first LAN?
ListPlot join points by nearest neighbor rather than order
Why don't the Weasley twins use magic outside of school if the Trace can only find the location of spells cast?
How widely used is the term Treppenwitz? Is it something that most Germans know?
Can Pao de Queijo, and similar foods, be kosher for Passover?
Is it possible to boil a liquid by just mixing many immiscible liquids together?
What are the motives behind Cersei's orders given to Bronn?
Why does Python start at index 1 when iterating an array backwards?
Is above average number of years spent on PhD considered a red flag in future academia or industry positions?
Storing hydrofluoric acid before the invention of plastics
Should I use Javascript Classes or Apex Classes in Lightning Web Components?
Single word antonym of "flightless"
Does surprise arrest existing movement?
Is it true that "carbohydrates are of no use for the basal metabolic need"?
Why is "Consequences inflicted." not a sentence?
When is phishing education going too far?
Does polymorph use a PC’s CR or its level?
Java 8 stream max() function argument type Comparator vs Comparable
Is a manifold-with-boundary with given interior and non-empty boundary essentially unique?
How can players work together to take actions that are otherwise impossible?
Right-skewed distribution with mean equals to mode?
What are 'alternative tunings' of a guitar and why would you use them? Doesn't it make it more difficult to play?
How do I mention the quality of my school without bragging
Withdrew £2800, but only £2000 shows as withdrawn on online banking; what are my obligations?
Show that $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)=mathbbQ(sqrt3)$.
Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)Let $a$ be a complex zero of $x^2+x+1$ over $mathbbQ$. Prove that $mathbbQ(sqrta)=mathbbQ(a)$.Show that $mathbbQ(sqrt-14,sqrt-2sqrt2-1)$ has degree 8 over $mathbbQ$Degree of Field Extension $mathbbQ(sqrt[4]2):mathbbQ(sqrt2)$Prove that there exists no algebraically closed field $F$ such that $barmathbbQ subsetneq F subsetneq overlinemathbbQ(pi)$Alternative way to show $sqrt2+ sqrt3$ is algebraic over $mathbbQ$ of degree 4.Proof that $[overlinemathbb Q:mathbb Rcapoverlinemathbb Q]=2$Show that the algebraic closure of $F$ in $K$ is an algebraic closure of $F$.$mathbb Q(zeta_m)capmathbb Q(zeta_n)=mathbb Q(zeta_d)$Degree of the field of rational numbers extended by a complex numberShow that $mathbbQ(sqrt3,sqrt[4]3, sqrt[8]3,…)$ is algebraic over $mathbbQ$ but not a finite extension.
$begingroup$
Show that $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)=mathbbQ(sqrt3)$.
I know that by closure, $sqrt3in mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$, but what about the other containment? I want to use the order of the extensions. I know the degrees of each one are $4$ over the field $mathbbQ$, and I know that $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)$ and $ mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$ are not equal to each other. But where can I go from here? How do I show that $[mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3]=1$?
abstract-algebra extension-field
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Show that $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)=mathbbQ(sqrt3)$.
I know that by closure, $sqrt3in mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$, but what about the other containment? I want to use the order of the extensions. I know the degrees of each one are $4$ over the field $mathbbQ$, and I know that $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)$ and $ mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$ are not equal to each other. But where can I go from here? How do I show that $[mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3]=1$?
abstract-algebra extension-field
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Show that $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)=mathbbQ(sqrt3)$.
I know that by closure, $sqrt3in mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$, but what about the other containment? I want to use the order of the extensions. I know the degrees of each one are $4$ over the field $mathbbQ$, and I know that $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)$ and $ mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$ are not equal to each other. But where can I go from here? How do I show that $[mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3]=1$?
abstract-algebra extension-field
$endgroup$
Show that $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)=mathbbQ(sqrt3)$.
I know that by closure, $sqrt3in mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$, but what about the other containment? I want to use the order of the extensions. I know the degrees of each one are $4$ over the field $mathbbQ$, and I know that $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)$ and $ mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$ are not equal to each other. But where can I go from here? How do I show that $[mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3]=1$?
abstract-algebra extension-field
abstract-algebra extension-field
asked Mar 31 at 23:50
numericalorangenumericalorange
1,949314
1,949314
add a comment |
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
$ [mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3):(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)][ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=4$.
You deduce that $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]$ divides $4$, it is not $4$ since $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)$ is distinct of $ mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$, so it is $1$ or $2$, it is not $1$ since $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$ contains $mathbbQ(sqrt3)$, so it is $2$, you deduce that:
$[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3)][mathbbQ(sqrt3):mathbbQ]$. Since $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=[mathbbQ(sqrt3):mathbbQ]=2$, you deduce that $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3)]=1$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $alpha:=sqrt1+sqrt3$ and $beta:=sqrt1-sqrt3$. You know that
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=[BbbQ(beta):BbbQ]=4,$$
and that $BbbQ(sqrt3)subsetBbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)$. Because the degree is multiplicative over towers of field extensions
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]cdot[BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta):BbbQ(sqrt3)]cdot[BbbQ(sqrt3):BbbQ],$$
and because you know the two fields $BbbQ(alpha)$ and $BbbQ(beta)$ are not the same, you have
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]>1,$$
and clearly $[BbbQ(sqrt3):BbbQ]=2$. Because $[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=4$ it follows that
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]=2
qquadtext and qquad
[BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta):BbbQ(sqrt3)]=1,$$
which means that $BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)=BbbQ(sqrt3)$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
Your Answer
StackExchange.ready(function()
var channelOptions =
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "69"
;
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);
StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
createEditor();
);
else
createEditor();
);
function createEditor()
StackExchange.prepareEditor(
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader:
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
,
noCode: true, onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
);
);
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3170032%2fshow-that-mathbbq-sqrt1-sqrt3-cap-mathbbq-sqrt1-sqrt3-math%23new-answer', 'question_page');
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
$ [mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3):(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)][ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=4$.
You deduce that $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]$ divides $4$, it is not $4$ since $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)$ is distinct of $ mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$, so it is $1$ or $2$, it is not $1$ since $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$ contains $mathbbQ(sqrt3)$, so it is $2$, you deduce that:
$[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3)][mathbbQ(sqrt3):mathbbQ]$. Since $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=[mathbbQ(sqrt3):mathbbQ]=2$, you deduce that $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3)]=1$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
$ [mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3):(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)][ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=4$.
You deduce that $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]$ divides $4$, it is not $4$ since $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)$ is distinct of $ mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$, so it is $1$ or $2$, it is not $1$ since $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$ contains $mathbbQ(sqrt3)$, so it is $2$, you deduce that:
$[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3)][mathbbQ(sqrt3):mathbbQ]$. Since $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=[mathbbQ(sqrt3):mathbbQ]=2$, you deduce that $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3)]=1$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
$ [mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3):(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)][ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=4$.
You deduce that $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]$ divides $4$, it is not $4$ since $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)$ is distinct of $ mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$, so it is $1$ or $2$, it is not $1$ since $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$ contains $mathbbQ(sqrt3)$, so it is $2$, you deduce that:
$[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3)][mathbbQ(sqrt3):mathbbQ]$. Since $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=[mathbbQ(sqrt3):mathbbQ]=2$, you deduce that $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3)]=1$.
$endgroup$
$ [mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3):(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)][ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=4$.
You deduce that $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]$ divides $4$, it is not $4$ since $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)$ is distinct of $ mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$, so it is $1$ or $2$, it is not $1$ since $mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3)$ contains $mathbbQ(sqrt3)$, so it is $2$, you deduce that:
$[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3)][mathbbQ(sqrt3):mathbbQ]$. Since $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ]=[mathbbQ(sqrt3):mathbbQ]=2$, you deduce that $[ mathbbQ(sqrt1+sqrt3)cap mathbbQ(sqrt1-sqrt3):mathbbQ(sqrt3)]=1$.
answered Mar 31 at 23:58
Tsemo AristideTsemo Aristide
60.7k11446
60.7k11446
add a comment |
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $alpha:=sqrt1+sqrt3$ and $beta:=sqrt1-sqrt3$. You know that
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=[BbbQ(beta):BbbQ]=4,$$
and that $BbbQ(sqrt3)subsetBbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)$. Because the degree is multiplicative over towers of field extensions
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]cdot[BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta):BbbQ(sqrt3)]cdot[BbbQ(sqrt3):BbbQ],$$
and because you know the two fields $BbbQ(alpha)$ and $BbbQ(beta)$ are not the same, you have
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]>1,$$
and clearly $[BbbQ(sqrt3):BbbQ]=2$. Because $[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=4$ it follows that
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]=2
qquadtext and qquad
[BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta):BbbQ(sqrt3)]=1,$$
which means that $BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)=BbbQ(sqrt3)$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $alpha:=sqrt1+sqrt3$ and $beta:=sqrt1-sqrt3$. You know that
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=[BbbQ(beta):BbbQ]=4,$$
and that $BbbQ(sqrt3)subsetBbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)$. Because the degree is multiplicative over towers of field extensions
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]cdot[BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta):BbbQ(sqrt3)]cdot[BbbQ(sqrt3):BbbQ],$$
and because you know the two fields $BbbQ(alpha)$ and $BbbQ(beta)$ are not the same, you have
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]>1,$$
and clearly $[BbbQ(sqrt3):BbbQ]=2$. Because $[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=4$ it follows that
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]=2
qquadtext and qquad
[BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta):BbbQ(sqrt3)]=1,$$
which means that $BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)=BbbQ(sqrt3)$.
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $alpha:=sqrt1+sqrt3$ and $beta:=sqrt1-sqrt3$. You know that
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=[BbbQ(beta):BbbQ]=4,$$
and that $BbbQ(sqrt3)subsetBbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)$. Because the degree is multiplicative over towers of field extensions
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]cdot[BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta):BbbQ(sqrt3)]cdot[BbbQ(sqrt3):BbbQ],$$
and because you know the two fields $BbbQ(alpha)$ and $BbbQ(beta)$ are not the same, you have
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]>1,$$
and clearly $[BbbQ(sqrt3):BbbQ]=2$. Because $[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=4$ it follows that
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]=2
qquadtext and qquad
[BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta):BbbQ(sqrt3)]=1,$$
which means that $BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)=BbbQ(sqrt3)$.
$endgroup$
Let $alpha:=sqrt1+sqrt3$ and $beta:=sqrt1-sqrt3$. You know that
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=[BbbQ(beta):BbbQ]=4,$$
and that $BbbQ(sqrt3)subsetBbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)$. Because the degree is multiplicative over towers of field extensions
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]cdot[BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta):BbbQ(sqrt3)]cdot[BbbQ(sqrt3):BbbQ],$$
and because you know the two fields $BbbQ(alpha)$ and $BbbQ(beta)$ are not the same, you have
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]>1,$$
and clearly $[BbbQ(sqrt3):BbbQ]=2$. Because $[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ]=4$ it follows that
$$[BbbQ(alpha):BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)]=2
qquadtext and qquad
[BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta):BbbQ(sqrt3)]=1,$$
which means that $BbbQ(alpha)capBbbQ(beta)=BbbQ(sqrt3)$.
edited Apr 1 at 0:16
answered Apr 1 at 0:10
ServaesServaes
30.6k342101
30.6k342101
add a comment |
add a comment |
Thanks for contributing an answer to Mathematics Stack Exchange!
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3170032%2fshow-that-mathbbq-sqrt1-sqrt3-cap-mathbbq-sqrt1-sqrt3-math%23new-answer', 'question_page');
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown