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What is the usual definition of the spectral measure for a nonnegative self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space?



Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)Self-adjoint Operator PropertiesIf $A$ is a self-adjoint and nonnegative operator on a Hilbert space $H$, then there is an orthonormal basis of $H$ consisting of eigenvectors of $A$projection-valued measure and bounded self-adjoint operatorSelf-adjoint operator proportional to identity if and only if the support of the spectral measure is a singletonDomain of the spectral resolution of a self-adjoint operatorConditions for Boundedness of Spectral Measures of Perturbations of Self-Adjoint Operators?If $(H_λ)_λ≥0$ is a spectral decomposition and $π_λ$ is the orthogonal projection onto $H_λ$, then $t↦π_λ$ is increasing and right-continuousIntegrability with respect to a spectral measureSome questions about the spectral composition of a nonnegative self-adjoint operatorShow that the operator associated to a spectral decomposition on a Hilbert space is self-adjoint










3












$begingroup$


Let $H$ be a $mathbb R$-Hilbert space and $(H_lambda)_lambdage0$ be a spectral decomposition of $H$ (see below). Now, let $$mathcal Dleft(A_varphiright):=leftxin H:int_0^inftyvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,xrangle_H<inftyright$$ and $$langle A_varphi x,yrangle_H:=int_0^inftyvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H;;;textfor all xinmathcal Dleft(A_varphiright)text and yin Htag1$$ (the integral has to be understood as a Lebesgue-Stieltjes integral) for Borel measurable $varphi:[0,infty)tomathbb R$.




If I got it right, the spectral theorem states that if $(mathcal D(A),A)$ is a nonnegative self-adjoint operator on $H$, $(H_lambda)_tge0$ can be chosen such that $A_varphi=A$, where $varphi(lambda):=lambda$ for $lambdain[0,infty)$. However, I've always seen the identity $$A_1=operatornameid_H,tag2$$ but this seems to be wrong. By $(1)$ and the definition of the Lebesgue-Stieltjes measure, $$langle A_1x,yrangle_H=lim_lambdatoinftylanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H-langlepi_0x,yrangle_Htag3.$$ Clearly $lim_lambdatoinftylanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H=langle x,yrangle_H$, so it seems like $(1)$ should be replaced by $$langle A_varphi x,yrangle_H:=varphi(0)langlepi_0 x,yrangle_H+int_0^inftyvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H;;;textfor all xinmathcal Dleft(A_varphiright)text and yin Htag4.$$ On the other hand, we could also extend $H_lambda$ for $lambda<0$ by setting $H_lambda:=left0right$ (and hence $pi_lambda=0$) for all $lambda<0$. With this definition we could define $$langle A_varphi x,yrangle_H:=int_mathbb Rvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H;;;textfor all xinmathcal Dleft(A_varphiright)text and yin Htag5$$ by setting $varphi(lambda)=0$ for all $lambda<0$. With $(4)$ we would again obtain $(2)$.



So, I'm highly confused. Which is the usual definition when one is interested in the spectral measure for a nonnegative self-adjoint operator? (Please note that I'm only interested in Lebesgue-Stieltjes integration; not in Riemann-Stieltjes integration.)






Definitions:




$(H_lambda)_lambdage0$ is called spectral decomposition of $H$ if




  1. $H_lambda$ is a closed subspace of $H$ for all $lambdage0$;


  2. $(H_lambda)_lambdage0$ is nondecreasing and right-continuous, i.e. $$bigcap_mu>lambdaH_mu=H_lambda;;;textfor all lambdage0;$$ and


  3. $bigcup_lambdage0H_lambda$ is dense.



Let $pi_lambda$ denote the orthogonal projection of $H$ onto $H_lambda$ for $lambdage0$. It can be shown that




  1. $[0,infty)nilambdamapstopi_lambda$ is nondecreasing, i.e. $$langlepi_lambda x,xrangle_Hlelanglepi_mu x,xrangle_H;;;textfor all xin H,$$ and right-continuous (with respect to the strong operator topology)

So,




  1. $[0,infty)nilambdamapstolanglepi_lambda x,xrangle_H=left|pi_lambda xright|_H^2$ is bounded (by $left|xright|_H^2)$, nondecreasing and right-continuous for all $xin H$


  2. $[0,infty)nilambdamapstolanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H=2^-1left(langlepi_lambda(x+y),x+yrangle_H-langlepi_lambda x,xrangle_H-langlepi_lambda y,yrangle_Hright)$ is right-continuous and of bounded variation for all $x,yin H$









share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$
















    3












    $begingroup$


    Let $H$ be a $mathbb R$-Hilbert space and $(H_lambda)_lambdage0$ be a spectral decomposition of $H$ (see below). Now, let $$mathcal Dleft(A_varphiright):=leftxin H:int_0^inftyvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,xrangle_H<inftyright$$ and $$langle A_varphi x,yrangle_H:=int_0^inftyvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H;;;textfor all xinmathcal Dleft(A_varphiright)text and yin Htag1$$ (the integral has to be understood as a Lebesgue-Stieltjes integral) for Borel measurable $varphi:[0,infty)tomathbb R$.




    If I got it right, the spectral theorem states that if $(mathcal D(A),A)$ is a nonnegative self-adjoint operator on $H$, $(H_lambda)_tge0$ can be chosen such that $A_varphi=A$, where $varphi(lambda):=lambda$ for $lambdain[0,infty)$. However, I've always seen the identity $$A_1=operatornameid_H,tag2$$ but this seems to be wrong. By $(1)$ and the definition of the Lebesgue-Stieltjes measure, $$langle A_1x,yrangle_H=lim_lambdatoinftylanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H-langlepi_0x,yrangle_Htag3.$$ Clearly $lim_lambdatoinftylanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H=langle x,yrangle_H$, so it seems like $(1)$ should be replaced by $$langle A_varphi x,yrangle_H:=varphi(0)langlepi_0 x,yrangle_H+int_0^inftyvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H;;;textfor all xinmathcal Dleft(A_varphiright)text and yin Htag4.$$ On the other hand, we could also extend $H_lambda$ for $lambda<0$ by setting $H_lambda:=left0right$ (and hence $pi_lambda=0$) for all $lambda<0$. With this definition we could define $$langle A_varphi x,yrangle_H:=int_mathbb Rvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H;;;textfor all xinmathcal Dleft(A_varphiright)text and yin Htag5$$ by setting $varphi(lambda)=0$ for all $lambda<0$. With $(4)$ we would again obtain $(2)$.



    So, I'm highly confused. Which is the usual definition when one is interested in the spectral measure for a nonnegative self-adjoint operator? (Please note that I'm only interested in Lebesgue-Stieltjes integration; not in Riemann-Stieltjes integration.)






    Definitions:




    $(H_lambda)_lambdage0$ is called spectral decomposition of $H$ if




    1. $H_lambda$ is a closed subspace of $H$ for all $lambdage0$;


    2. $(H_lambda)_lambdage0$ is nondecreasing and right-continuous, i.e. $$bigcap_mu>lambdaH_mu=H_lambda;;;textfor all lambdage0;$$ and


    3. $bigcup_lambdage0H_lambda$ is dense.



    Let $pi_lambda$ denote the orthogonal projection of $H$ onto $H_lambda$ for $lambdage0$. It can be shown that




    1. $[0,infty)nilambdamapstopi_lambda$ is nondecreasing, i.e. $$langlepi_lambda x,xrangle_Hlelanglepi_mu x,xrangle_H;;;textfor all xin H,$$ and right-continuous (with respect to the strong operator topology)

    So,




    1. $[0,infty)nilambdamapstolanglepi_lambda x,xrangle_H=left|pi_lambda xright|_H^2$ is bounded (by $left|xright|_H^2)$, nondecreasing and right-continuous for all $xin H$


    2. $[0,infty)nilambdamapstolanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H=2^-1left(langlepi_lambda(x+y),x+yrangle_H-langlepi_lambda x,xrangle_H-langlepi_lambda y,yrangle_Hright)$ is right-continuous and of bounded variation for all $x,yin H$









    share|cite|improve this question











    $endgroup$














      3












      3








      3





      $begingroup$


      Let $H$ be a $mathbb R$-Hilbert space and $(H_lambda)_lambdage0$ be a spectral decomposition of $H$ (see below). Now, let $$mathcal Dleft(A_varphiright):=leftxin H:int_0^inftyvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,xrangle_H<inftyright$$ and $$langle A_varphi x,yrangle_H:=int_0^inftyvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H;;;textfor all xinmathcal Dleft(A_varphiright)text and yin Htag1$$ (the integral has to be understood as a Lebesgue-Stieltjes integral) for Borel measurable $varphi:[0,infty)tomathbb R$.




      If I got it right, the spectral theorem states that if $(mathcal D(A),A)$ is a nonnegative self-adjoint operator on $H$, $(H_lambda)_tge0$ can be chosen such that $A_varphi=A$, where $varphi(lambda):=lambda$ for $lambdain[0,infty)$. However, I've always seen the identity $$A_1=operatornameid_H,tag2$$ but this seems to be wrong. By $(1)$ and the definition of the Lebesgue-Stieltjes measure, $$langle A_1x,yrangle_H=lim_lambdatoinftylanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H-langlepi_0x,yrangle_Htag3.$$ Clearly $lim_lambdatoinftylanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H=langle x,yrangle_H$, so it seems like $(1)$ should be replaced by $$langle A_varphi x,yrangle_H:=varphi(0)langlepi_0 x,yrangle_H+int_0^inftyvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H;;;textfor all xinmathcal Dleft(A_varphiright)text and yin Htag4.$$ On the other hand, we could also extend $H_lambda$ for $lambda<0$ by setting $H_lambda:=left0right$ (and hence $pi_lambda=0$) for all $lambda<0$. With this definition we could define $$langle A_varphi x,yrangle_H:=int_mathbb Rvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H;;;textfor all xinmathcal Dleft(A_varphiright)text and yin Htag5$$ by setting $varphi(lambda)=0$ for all $lambda<0$. With $(4)$ we would again obtain $(2)$.



      So, I'm highly confused. Which is the usual definition when one is interested in the spectral measure for a nonnegative self-adjoint operator? (Please note that I'm only interested in Lebesgue-Stieltjes integration; not in Riemann-Stieltjes integration.)






      Definitions:




      $(H_lambda)_lambdage0$ is called spectral decomposition of $H$ if




      1. $H_lambda$ is a closed subspace of $H$ for all $lambdage0$;


      2. $(H_lambda)_lambdage0$ is nondecreasing and right-continuous, i.e. $$bigcap_mu>lambdaH_mu=H_lambda;;;textfor all lambdage0;$$ and


      3. $bigcup_lambdage0H_lambda$ is dense.



      Let $pi_lambda$ denote the orthogonal projection of $H$ onto $H_lambda$ for $lambdage0$. It can be shown that




      1. $[0,infty)nilambdamapstopi_lambda$ is nondecreasing, i.e. $$langlepi_lambda x,xrangle_Hlelanglepi_mu x,xrangle_H;;;textfor all xin H,$$ and right-continuous (with respect to the strong operator topology)

      So,




      1. $[0,infty)nilambdamapstolanglepi_lambda x,xrangle_H=left|pi_lambda xright|_H^2$ is bounded (by $left|xright|_H^2)$, nondecreasing and right-continuous for all $xin H$


      2. $[0,infty)nilambdamapstolanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H=2^-1left(langlepi_lambda(x+y),x+yrangle_H-langlepi_lambda x,xrangle_H-langlepi_lambda y,yrangle_Hright)$ is right-continuous and of bounded variation for all $x,yin H$









      share|cite|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      Let $H$ be a $mathbb R$-Hilbert space and $(H_lambda)_lambdage0$ be a spectral decomposition of $H$ (see below). Now, let $$mathcal Dleft(A_varphiright):=leftxin H:int_0^inftyvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,xrangle_H<inftyright$$ and $$langle A_varphi x,yrangle_H:=int_0^inftyvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H;;;textfor all xinmathcal Dleft(A_varphiright)text and yin Htag1$$ (the integral has to be understood as a Lebesgue-Stieltjes integral) for Borel measurable $varphi:[0,infty)tomathbb R$.




      If I got it right, the spectral theorem states that if $(mathcal D(A),A)$ is a nonnegative self-adjoint operator on $H$, $(H_lambda)_tge0$ can be chosen such that $A_varphi=A$, where $varphi(lambda):=lambda$ for $lambdain[0,infty)$. However, I've always seen the identity $$A_1=operatornameid_H,tag2$$ but this seems to be wrong. By $(1)$ and the definition of the Lebesgue-Stieltjes measure, $$langle A_1x,yrangle_H=lim_lambdatoinftylanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H-langlepi_0x,yrangle_Htag3.$$ Clearly $lim_lambdatoinftylanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H=langle x,yrangle_H$, so it seems like $(1)$ should be replaced by $$langle A_varphi x,yrangle_H:=varphi(0)langlepi_0 x,yrangle_H+int_0^inftyvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H;;;textfor all xinmathcal Dleft(A_varphiright)text and yin Htag4.$$ On the other hand, we could also extend $H_lambda$ for $lambda<0$ by setting $H_lambda:=left0right$ (and hence $pi_lambda=0$) for all $lambda<0$. With this definition we could define $$langle A_varphi x,yrangle_H:=int_mathbb Rvarphi(lambda):rm dlanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H;;;textfor all xinmathcal Dleft(A_varphiright)text and yin Htag5$$ by setting $varphi(lambda)=0$ for all $lambda<0$. With $(4)$ we would again obtain $(2)$.



      So, I'm highly confused. Which is the usual definition when one is interested in the spectral measure for a nonnegative self-adjoint operator? (Please note that I'm only interested in Lebesgue-Stieltjes integration; not in Riemann-Stieltjes integration.)






      Definitions:




      $(H_lambda)_lambdage0$ is called spectral decomposition of $H$ if




      1. $H_lambda$ is a closed subspace of $H$ for all $lambdage0$;


      2. $(H_lambda)_lambdage0$ is nondecreasing and right-continuous, i.e. $$bigcap_mu>lambdaH_mu=H_lambda;;;textfor all lambdage0;$$ and


      3. $bigcup_lambdage0H_lambda$ is dense.



      Let $pi_lambda$ denote the orthogonal projection of $H$ onto $H_lambda$ for $lambdage0$. It can be shown that




      1. $[0,infty)nilambdamapstopi_lambda$ is nondecreasing, i.e. $$langlepi_lambda x,xrangle_Hlelanglepi_mu x,xrangle_H;;;textfor all xin H,$$ and right-continuous (with respect to the strong operator topology)

      So,




      1. $[0,infty)nilambdamapstolanglepi_lambda x,xrangle_H=left|pi_lambda xright|_H^2$ is bounded (by $left|xright|_H^2)$, nondecreasing and right-continuous for all $xin H$


      2. $[0,infty)nilambdamapstolanglepi_lambda x,yrangle_H=2^-1left(langlepi_lambda(x+y),x+yrangle_H-langlepi_lambda x,xrangle_H-langlepi_lambda y,yrangle_Hright)$ is right-continuous and of bounded variation for all $x,yin H$






      functional-analysis operator-theory spectral-theory stieltjes-integral self-adjoint-operators






      share|cite|improve this question















      share|cite|improve this question













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      edited Mar 21 at 9:12







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      asked Mar 20 at 13:16









      0xbadf00d0xbadf00d

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