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Kalinder


IranKoerdistanAfganistanastronomyskeTeheranmeridiaanKabûlGregoriaanske kalinder1925tropyske jier












Iraanske kalinder




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De Iraanske kalinder (wurdt ek Perzyske kalinder of de Jalāli kalinder neamd) is in sinnekalinder dat brûkt wurdt yn Iran, Koerdistan en Afganistan. De kalinder is meast basearre op observaasje ynstee fan regels.


Elts jier begjint op de maitiid-ekwinoks sa't krekt fêststeld wurdt troch astronomyske observaasjes yn Teheran (of de 52.5°E meridiaan) en Kabûl. Dêrfandhinne is der krekter as de Gregoriaanske kalinder, mar it is net maklik om de skrikkeljierren te beskieden.



Moannen |


De hjoeddeistige Perzyske kalinder waar yn 1925 ynfierd, doe waarden de nammen fan de moannen basearre op in tradisjonele kalinder fan de 11e iuw. De kalinder hat 12 moannen, dêr't de earste seis 31 dagen fan ha, de neikommende fiif hawwe 30 dagen. De lêste moanne hat ornaris 29 dagen mar mei in skrikkeljier hat dy moanne 30.



Skrikkeljierren |


It systeem om skrikkeljierren te beskieden is tige krekt. De jierren wurde skifte yn in stikmannich syklussen:


  • in grutte syklus fan 128 jier, gearstald fan lytse syklussen fan respektivelik 29,33, 33 en 37 jier ;

  • in grutte syklus fan 132 jier, gearstald fan syklussen fan respektivelik 29,33, 33 en 37 jier ;

  • in hiele grutte syklus, gearstald fan 21 syklussen fan 128 jier oanien, folge mei in syklus fan 132 jier. Totaal omfetter dy syklus 2820.

In lytse syklus begjint mei fjouwer gewoane jierren. Dêrnei folget in skrikkeljier en dêrnei folget in skrikkeljier om de fjouwer jierren oant en mei it lêste jier fan de lytse syklus. Foar elts fan de 21 syklussen fan 128 jier binne der 31 skrikkeljierren. Foar de lêste grutte syklus fan 132 jier wurdt der op dy wize 32 skrikkeljierren teld. Dat binne meiïnoar (21 x 31) + 32 = 683 skrikkeljierren en 2137 normale jierren yn de hiele grutte syklus. Dêrmei is de trochsneed lingte fan in jier 365,24219852. Dat rint aardich lykop mei it tropyske jier fan 365,24219878 dagen, dat der pas nei 3,8 miljoen jier in dei ferskil wêze sil tusken de kalinder en it sinnejier.


It patroan fan normale en skrikkeljierren sette yn 1925 útein, en dat sil pas yn it jier 4745 op 'e nij begjinne. De Perzyske kalinder is in sinnekalinder.









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