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India just shot down a satellite from the ground. At what altitude range is the resulting debris field?



The Next CEO of Stack OverflowWhy would a box full of 1cm balls released into LEO be so scary to an engineer supporting the ISS? - (Updated)Who is accountable for damage caused by the debris field of a successful ASAT testWhat did India's recently tested ASAT vehicle really look like?What was the lifetime of the debris from the US Anti-satellite exercise for USA-193?What are the causes of breakups of spent 2nd and 3rd stages, resulting in orbital debris?What is the linear dimension/mass/possible energy state of the smallest trackable orbital debris item?How is the Hubble main mirror protected from debris?What systems or technologies are developed to protect ISS from space debris?What is the typical relative impact velocity of orbital debris in low Earth orbit?What is the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA) Augmented Geosynchronous Laboratory Experiment satellite?What would be the first noticeable consequences to the general public of widespread satellite destruction?










32












$begingroup$


This tweet from India's prime minister Narendra Modi says:




मेरे प्यारे देशवासियों,



आज सवेरे लगभग 11.45 - 12.00 बजे मैं एक महत्वपूर्ण संदेश लेकर आप के बीच आऊँगा।



I would be addressing the nation at around 11:45 AM - 12.00 noon with an important message.



Do watch the address on television, radio or social media.




There are several subsequent tweets with more specifics, including this one:




In the journey of every nation there are moments that bring utmost pride and have a historic impact on generations to come.



One such moment is today.



India has successfully tested the Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Missile. Congratulations to everyone on the success of #MissionShakti.




Question: At what range of altitudes is the resulting debris field?



note: I'm not asking for just a guess or speculation, please include a source of some type.




YouTube: DRDO's Anti Satellite (A-SAT) Test Visuals



From Times of India's Watch: Launch of anti-satellite missile for Mission Shakti:



India ASAT










share|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 4




    $begingroup$
    So if their shrapnel burst takes out other satellites... will they be held accountable?
    $endgroup$
    – Magic Octopus Urn
    2 days ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    economictimes.indiatimes.com: 10 things you need to know about ASAT, India's new space slayer
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    2 days ago







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    just asked: Who is accountable for the resultant damage caused by the debris field of an ASAT
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    2 days ago







  • 16




    $begingroup$
    "Shot down" is the wrong term here, because most if not all of it is still up there. "Blew up", maybe?
    $endgroup$
    – jamesqf
    2 days ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @jamesqf yes indeed, and you are in good company. Jonathan McDowell wrote a PSA about that! But PSA aside, the colloquial "shot down a satellite" evokes the proper imagery and response (brings readers to good answers).
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    2 days ago















32












$begingroup$


This tweet from India's prime minister Narendra Modi says:




मेरे प्यारे देशवासियों,



आज सवेरे लगभग 11.45 - 12.00 बजे मैं एक महत्वपूर्ण संदेश लेकर आप के बीच आऊँगा।



I would be addressing the nation at around 11:45 AM - 12.00 noon with an important message.



Do watch the address on television, radio or social media.




There are several subsequent tweets with more specifics, including this one:




In the journey of every nation there are moments that bring utmost pride and have a historic impact on generations to come.



One such moment is today.



India has successfully tested the Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Missile. Congratulations to everyone on the success of #MissionShakti.




Question: At what range of altitudes is the resulting debris field?



note: I'm not asking for just a guess or speculation, please include a source of some type.




YouTube: DRDO's Anti Satellite (A-SAT) Test Visuals



From Times of India's Watch: Launch of anti-satellite missile for Mission Shakti:



India ASAT










share|improve this question











$endgroup$







  • 4




    $begingroup$
    So if their shrapnel burst takes out other satellites... will they be held accountable?
    $endgroup$
    – Magic Octopus Urn
    2 days ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    economictimes.indiatimes.com: 10 things you need to know about ASAT, India's new space slayer
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    2 days ago







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    just asked: Who is accountable for the resultant damage caused by the debris field of an ASAT
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    2 days ago







  • 16




    $begingroup$
    "Shot down" is the wrong term here, because most if not all of it is still up there. "Blew up", maybe?
    $endgroup$
    – jamesqf
    2 days ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @jamesqf yes indeed, and you are in good company. Jonathan McDowell wrote a PSA about that! But PSA aside, the colloquial "shot down a satellite" evokes the proper imagery and response (brings readers to good answers).
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    2 days ago













32












32








32


3



$begingroup$


This tweet from India's prime minister Narendra Modi says:




मेरे प्यारे देशवासियों,



आज सवेरे लगभग 11.45 - 12.00 बजे मैं एक महत्वपूर्ण संदेश लेकर आप के बीच आऊँगा।



I would be addressing the nation at around 11:45 AM - 12.00 noon with an important message.



Do watch the address on television, radio or social media.




There are several subsequent tweets with more specifics, including this one:




In the journey of every nation there are moments that bring utmost pride and have a historic impact on generations to come.



One such moment is today.



India has successfully tested the Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Missile. Congratulations to everyone on the success of #MissionShakti.




Question: At what range of altitudes is the resulting debris field?



note: I'm not asking for just a guess or speculation, please include a source of some type.




YouTube: DRDO's Anti Satellite (A-SAT) Test Visuals



From Times of India's Watch: Launch of anti-satellite missile for Mission Shakti:



India ASAT










share|improve this question











$endgroup$




This tweet from India's prime minister Narendra Modi says:




मेरे प्यारे देशवासियों,



आज सवेरे लगभग 11.45 - 12.00 बजे मैं एक महत्वपूर्ण संदेश लेकर आप के बीच आऊँगा।



I would be addressing the nation at around 11:45 AM - 12.00 noon with an important message.



Do watch the address on television, radio or social media.




There are several subsequent tweets with more specifics, including this one:




In the journey of every nation there are moments that bring utmost pride and have a historic impact on generations to come.



One such moment is today.



India has successfully tested the Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Missile. Congratulations to everyone on the success of #MissionShakti.




Question: At what range of altitudes is the resulting debris field?



note: I'm not asking for just a guess or speculation, please include a source of some type.




YouTube: DRDO's Anti Satellite (A-SAT) Test Visuals



From Times of India's Watch: Launch of anti-satellite missile for Mission Shakti:



India ASAT







debris military weapon india






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 2 days ago







uhoh

















asked 2 days ago









uhohuhoh

39.9k18149502




39.9k18149502







  • 4




    $begingroup$
    So if their shrapnel burst takes out other satellites... will they be held accountable?
    $endgroup$
    – Magic Octopus Urn
    2 days ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    economictimes.indiatimes.com: 10 things you need to know about ASAT, India's new space slayer
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    2 days ago







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    just asked: Who is accountable for the resultant damage caused by the debris field of an ASAT
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    2 days ago







  • 16




    $begingroup$
    "Shot down" is the wrong term here, because most if not all of it is still up there. "Blew up", maybe?
    $endgroup$
    – jamesqf
    2 days ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @jamesqf yes indeed, and you are in good company. Jonathan McDowell wrote a PSA about that! But PSA aside, the colloquial "shot down a satellite" evokes the proper imagery and response (brings readers to good answers).
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    2 days ago












  • 4




    $begingroup$
    So if their shrapnel burst takes out other satellites... will they be held accountable?
    $endgroup$
    – Magic Octopus Urn
    2 days ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    economictimes.indiatimes.com: 10 things you need to know about ASAT, India's new space slayer
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    2 days ago







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    just asked: Who is accountable for the resultant damage caused by the debris field of an ASAT
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    2 days ago







  • 16




    $begingroup$
    "Shot down" is the wrong term here, because most if not all of it is still up there. "Blew up", maybe?
    $endgroup$
    – jamesqf
    2 days ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @jamesqf yes indeed, and you are in good company. Jonathan McDowell wrote a PSA about that! But PSA aside, the colloquial "shot down a satellite" evokes the proper imagery and response (brings readers to good answers).
    $endgroup$
    – uhoh
    2 days ago







4




4




$begingroup$
So if their shrapnel burst takes out other satellites... will they be held accountable?
$endgroup$
– Magic Octopus Urn
2 days ago




$begingroup$
So if their shrapnel burst takes out other satellites... will they be held accountable?
$endgroup$
– Magic Octopus Urn
2 days ago




1




1




$begingroup$
economictimes.indiatimes.com: 10 things you need to know about ASAT, India's new space slayer
$endgroup$
– uhoh
2 days ago





$begingroup$
economictimes.indiatimes.com: 10 things you need to know about ASAT, India's new space slayer
$endgroup$
– uhoh
2 days ago





1




1




$begingroup$
just asked: Who is accountable for the resultant damage caused by the debris field of an ASAT
$endgroup$
– uhoh
2 days ago





$begingroup$
just asked: Who is accountable for the resultant damage caused by the debris field of an ASAT
$endgroup$
– uhoh
2 days ago





16




16




$begingroup$
"Shot down" is the wrong term here, because most if not all of it is still up there. "Blew up", maybe?
$endgroup$
– jamesqf
2 days ago




$begingroup$
"Shot down" is the wrong term here, because most if not all of it is still up there. "Blew up", maybe?
$endgroup$
– jamesqf
2 days ago




1




1




$begingroup$
@jamesqf yes indeed, and you are in good company. Jonathan McDowell wrote a PSA about that! But PSA aside, the colloquial "shot down a satellite" evokes the proper imagery and response (brings readers to good answers).
$endgroup$
– uhoh
2 days ago




$begingroup$
@jamesqf yes indeed, and you are in good company. Jonathan McDowell wrote a PSA about that! But PSA aside, the colloquial "shot down a satellite" evokes the proper imagery and response (brings readers to good answers).
$endgroup$
– uhoh
2 days ago










3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















29












$begingroup$

The apogee/ perigee of 2019-006A, the object likely shot down, was 260- 282 km, pretty low. Some of that debris could be quite a bit higher, but most of it will be lower, and all of it will have a new perigee/ apogee in that range, which will likely be shrinking quickly. It is expected that it will be similar to the debris cloud from USA-193 (Operation Burnt Frost), which had the following debris cloud Gabbard Plot (From Celestrak). Note that all debris reentered within 18 months after that operation, and most within a few days. I suspect it won't be quite as energetic, as there presumably isn't as much fuel quick could cause a significant energy event, but it's the best we have for now.



enter image description here



The best place to look would be from Space-Track's new catalog objects not associated with a launch. That data should be available soon. If you want to follow someone on Twitter to find out more, I recommend Jonathan McDowell






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$




















    15












    $begingroup$

    At this time, it is not yet known. There are some 250 objects observed, but it takes time to catalog them all. The object destroyed was most likely MICROSAT-R (TLE catalog number 43947, which is in a 294 x 265 km orbit at 96 degrees inclination.



    Due to the nature of the event, it's likely some of the objects have apogees well above ISS orbit. At this time, there is little to no public data available. When it comes available, you can expect to see it at space-track.org and celestrak.org in addition to the twitter account @TSKelso.






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      as if a box full of marbles wasn't enough for you guys to worry about already.
      $endgroup$
      – uhoh
      2 days ago






    • 4




      $begingroup$
      At least this debris field is expected to be short-lived, unlike the Chinese ASAT test.
      $endgroup$
      – Tristan
      2 days ago






    • 3




      $begingroup$
      Not sure if the debris cloud will be short-lived, since it is a low solar activity period.
      $endgroup$
      – Harish
      2 days ago






    • 2




      $begingroup$
      Even at nearly record low solar activity, orbit lifetimes with perigees below 300 km are many orders of magnitude shorter than those at 900-ish km.
      $endgroup$
      – Tristan
      yesterday










    • $begingroup$
      As of 13:46 UTC on 29 March 2019, no TLEs related to the event have been released.
      $endgroup$
      – Tristan
      12 hours ago


















    1












    $begingroup$

    I'll just follow up a bit on the collision.



    Per tweet and tweet and answer and answer and post:



    • launch 5:40 UT (27 March 2019)

    • MICROSAT-r 43947, 2019-006A

    • over Abdul Kalam Island 5:42 UT

    I've put a recent TLE into Skyfield and we can see that the satellite was moving north from the equator towards Abdul Kalam Island, India. According to the image in India's surprise ASAT test of 27 March 2019 the launch was somewhat south over the ocean to meet it.



    At 05:42 the altitude was about 281 km and the velocity 7.73 km/s.



    MICROSAT-R 
    1 43947U 19006A 19086.74388517 .07448791 20151+0 12875-1 0 9992
    2 43947 96.7526 0.1883 0022976 252.9519 167.8627 16.09438738 9918


    enter image description here



    enter image description here Source



    # https://celestrak.com/satcat/
    TLE = """MICROSAT-R
    1 43947U 19006A 19086.74388517 .07448791 20151+0 12875-1 0 9992
    2 43947 96.7526 0.1883 0022976 252.9519 167.8627 16.09438738 9918"""
    name, L1, L2 = TLE.splitlines()

    # https://twitter.com/DutchSpace/status/1110833431523545088
    # https://twitter.com/Marco_Langbroek/status/1110861054010105858
    # https://sattrackcam.blogspot.com/2019/03/indias-surprise-asat-test-of-27-march.html
    # launch 5:40 UT (27 March 2019)
    # over 5:42 UT on 27 March 2019
    # Abdul Kalam island on the Indian East Coast
    # 20.757N, 87.084E

    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from skyfield.api import Topos, Loader, EarthSatellite

    load = Loader('~/Documents/fishing/SkyData') # single instance for big files
    ts = load.timescale()
    de421 = load('de421.bsp')
    earth = de421['earth']

    Abdul_Kalam_Island = earth + Topos(latitude_degrees = +20.757,
    longitude_degrees = +87.084,
    elevation_m = 10.0)
    minutes = np.arange(35, 50, 0.1)
    times = ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, minutes)

    MICROSAT_r = earth + EarthSatellite(L1, L2)

    astrometric = Abdul_Kalam_Island.at(times).observe(MICROSAT_r)
    alt, az, d = astrometric.apparent().altaz(pressure_mbar=0)

    pos_42 = earth.at(ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, 42)).observe(MICROSAT_r).position.km
    vel_42 = earth.at(ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, 42)).observe(MICROSAT_r).velocity.km_per_s

    r = np.sqrt((pos_42**2).sum())
    v = np.sqrt((vel_42**2).sum())
    print pos_42
    print r
    print r - 6378.137
    print v

    if True:
    plt.figure()
    plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
    plt.plot(minutes, alt.degrees)
    plt.ylabel('elevation (deg)', fontsize=16)
    plt.ylim(0, 90)
    plt.xlim(35, 50)

    plt.subplot(3, 1, 2)
    plt.plot(minutes, az.degrees)
    plt.ylabel('azimuth (deg)', fontsize=16)
    plt.ylim(0, 360)
    plt.xlim(35, 50)

    plt.subplot(3, 1, 3)
    plt.plot(minutes, d.km)
    plt.ylabel('range (km)', fontsize=16)
    plt.xlabel('time after 05:00 (minutes)', fontsize=16)
    plt.ylim(250, 500)
    plt.xlim(35, 50)

    plt.suptitle('MICROSAT-r vs Abdul Kalam Island, 27-03-2019 UTC', fontsize=16)
    plt.show()





    share|improve this answer











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      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes








      3 Answers
      3






      active

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      active

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      29












      $begingroup$

      The apogee/ perigee of 2019-006A, the object likely shot down, was 260- 282 km, pretty low. Some of that debris could be quite a bit higher, but most of it will be lower, and all of it will have a new perigee/ apogee in that range, which will likely be shrinking quickly. It is expected that it will be similar to the debris cloud from USA-193 (Operation Burnt Frost), which had the following debris cloud Gabbard Plot (From Celestrak). Note that all debris reentered within 18 months after that operation, and most within a few days. I suspect it won't be quite as energetic, as there presumably isn't as much fuel quick could cause a significant energy event, but it's the best we have for now.



      enter image description here



      The best place to look would be from Space-Track's new catalog objects not associated with a launch. That data should be available soon. If you want to follow someone on Twitter to find out more, I recommend Jonathan McDowell






      share|improve this answer











      $endgroup$

















        29












        $begingroup$

        The apogee/ perigee of 2019-006A, the object likely shot down, was 260- 282 km, pretty low. Some of that debris could be quite a bit higher, but most of it will be lower, and all of it will have a new perigee/ apogee in that range, which will likely be shrinking quickly. It is expected that it will be similar to the debris cloud from USA-193 (Operation Burnt Frost), which had the following debris cloud Gabbard Plot (From Celestrak). Note that all debris reentered within 18 months after that operation, and most within a few days. I suspect it won't be quite as energetic, as there presumably isn't as much fuel quick could cause a significant energy event, but it's the best we have for now.



        enter image description here



        The best place to look would be from Space-Track's new catalog objects not associated with a launch. That data should be available soon. If you want to follow someone on Twitter to find out more, I recommend Jonathan McDowell






        share|improve this answer











        $endgroup$















          29












          29








          29





          $begingroup$

          The apogee/ perigee of 2019-006A, the object likely shot down, was 260- 282 km, pretty low. Some of that debris could be quite a bit higher, but most of it will be lower, and all of it will have a new perigee/ apogee in that range, which will likely be shrinking quickly. It is expected that it will be similar to the debris cloud from USA-193 (Operation Burnt Frost), which had the following debris cloud Gabbard Plot (From Celestrak). Note that all debris reentered within 18 months after that operation, and most within a few days. I suspect it won't be quite as energetic, as there presumably isn't as much fuel quick could cause a significant energy event, but it's the best we have for now.



          enter image description here



          The best place to look would be from Space-Track's new catalog objects not associated with a launch. That data should be available soon. If you want to follow someone on Twitter to find out more, I recommend Jonathan McDowell






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$



          The apogee/ perigee of 2019-006A, the object likely shot down, was 260- 282 km, pretty low. Some of that debris could be quite a bit higher, but most of it will be lower, and all of it will have a new perigee/ apogee in that range, which will likely be shrinking quickly. It is expected that it will be similar to the debris cloud from USA-193 (Operation Burnt Frost), which had the following debris cloud Gabbard Plot (From Celestrak). Note that all debris reentered within 18 months after that operation, and most within a few days. I suspect it won't be quite as energetic, as there presumably isn't as much fuel quick could cause a significant energy event, but it's the best we have for now.



          enter image description here



          The best place to look would be from Space-Track's new catalog objects not associated with a launch. That data should be available soon. If you want to follow someone on Twitter to find out more, I recommend Jonathan McDowell







          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited 2 days ago

























          answered 2 days ago









          PearsonArtPhotoPearsonArtPhoto

          83.7k16242459




          83.7k16242459





















              15












              $begingroup$

              At this time, it is not yet known. There are some 250 objects observed, but it takes time to catalog them all. The object destroyed was most likely MICROSAT-R (TLE catalog number 43947, which is in a 294 x 265 km orbit at 96 degrees inclination.



              Due to the nature of the event, it's likely some of the objects have apogees well above ISS orbit. At this time, there is little to no public data available. When it comes available, you can expect to see it at space-track.org and celestrak.org in addition to the twitter account @TSKelso.






              share|improve this answer









              $endgroup$








              • 1




                $begingroup$
                as if a box full of marbles wasn't enough for you guys to worry about already.
                $endgroup$
                – uhoh
                2 days ago






              • 4




                $begingroup$
                At least this debris field is expected to be short-lived, unlike the Chinese ASAT test.
                $endgroup$
                – Tristan
                2 days ago






              • 3




                $begingroup$
                Not sure if the debris cloud will be short-lived, since it is a low solar activity period.
                $endgroup$
                – Harish
                2 days ago






              • 2




                $begingroup$
                Even at nearly record low solar activity, orbit lifetimes with perigees below 300 km are many orders of magnitude shorter than those at 900-ish km.
                $endgroup$
                – Tristan
                yesterday










              • $begingroup$
                As of 13:46 UTC on 29 March 2019, no TLEs related to the event have been released.
                $endgroup$
                – Tristan
                12 hours ago















              15












              $begingroup$

              At this time, it is not yet known. There are some 250 objects observed, but it takes time to catalog them all. The object destroyed was most likely MICROSAT-R (TLE catalog number 43947, which is in a 294 x 265 km orbit at 96 degrees inclination.



              Due to the nature of the event, it's likely some of the objects have apogees well above ISS orbit. At this time, there is little to no public data available. When it comes available, you can expect to see it at space-track.org and celestrak.org in addition to the twitter account @TSKelso.






              share|improve this answer









              $endgroup$








              • 1




                $begingroup$
                as if a box full of marbles wasn't enough for you guys to worry about already.
                $endgroup$
                – uhoh
                2 days ago






              • 4




                $begingroup$
                At least this debris field is expected to be short-lived, unlike the Chinese ASAT test.
                $endgroup$
                – Tristan
                2 days ago






              • 3




                $begingroup$
                Not sure if the debris cloud will be short-lived, since it is a low solar activity period.
                $endgroup$
                – Harish
                2 days ago






              • 2




                $begingroup$
                Even at nearly record low solar activity, orbit lifetimes with perigees below 300 km are many orders of magnitude shorter than those at 900-ish km.
                $endgroup$
                – Tristan
                yesterday










              • $begingroup$
                As of 13:46 UTC on 29 March 2019, no TLEs related to the event have been released.
                $endgroup$
                – Tristan
                12 hours ago













              15












              15








              15





              $begingroup$

              At this time, it is not yet known. There are some 250 objects observed, but it takes time to catalog them all. The object destroyed was most likely MICROSAT-R (TLE catalog number 43947, which is in a 294 x 265 km orbit at 96 degrees inclination.



              Due to the nature of the event, it's likely some of the objects have apogees well above ISS orbit. At this time, there is little to no public data available. When it comes available, you can expect to see it at space-track.org and celestrak.org in addition to the twitter account @TSKelso.






              share|improve this answer









              $endgroup$



              At this time, it is not yet known. There are some 250 objects observed, but it takes time to catalog them all. The object destroyed was most likely MICROSAT-R (TLE catalog number 43947, which is in a 294 x 265 km orbit at 96 degrees inclination.



              Due to the nature of the event, it's likely some of the objects have apogees well above ISS orbit. At this time, there is little to no public data available. When it comes available, you can expect to see it at space-track.org and celestrak.org in addition to the twitter account @TSKelso.







              share|improve this answer












              share|improve this answer



              share|improve this answer










              answered 2 days ago









              TristanTristan

              11.2k13857




              11.2k13857







              • 1




                $begingroup$
                as if a box full of marbles wasn't enough for you guys to worry about already.
                $endgroup$
                – uhoh
                2 days ago






              • 4




                $begingroup$
                At least this debris field is expected to be short-lived, unlike the Chinese ASAT test.
                $endgroup$
                – Tristan
                2 days ago






              • 3




                $begingroup$
                Not sure if the debris cloud will be short-lived, since it is a low solar activity period.
                $endgroup$
                – Harish
                2 days ago






              • 2




                $begingroup$
                Even at nearly record low solar activity, orbit lifetimes with perigees below 300 km are many orders of magnitude shorter than those at 900-ish km.
                $endgroup$
                – Tristan
                yesterday










              • $begingroup$
                As of 13:46 UTC on 29 March 2019, no TLEs related to the event have been released.
                $endgroup$
                – Tristan
                12 hours ago












              • 1




                $begingroup$
                as if a box full of marbles wasn't enough for you guys to worry about already.
                $endgroup$
                – uhoh
                2 days ago






              • 4




                $begingroup$
                At least this debris field is expected to be short-lived, unlike the Chinese ASAT test.
                $endgroup$
                – Tristan
                2 days ago






              • 3




                $begingroup$
                Not sure if the debris cloud will be short-lived, since it is a low solar activity period.
                $endgroup$
                – Harish
                2 days ago






              • 2




                $begingroup$
                Even at nearly record low solar activity, orbit lifetimes with perigees below 300 km are many orders of magnitude shorter than those at 900-ish km.
                $endgroup$
                – Tristan
                yesterday










              • $begingroup$
                As of 13:46 UTC on 29 March 2019, no TLEs related to the event have been released.
                $endgroup$
                – Tristan
                12 hours ago







              1




              1




              $begingroup$
              as if a box full of marbles wasn't enough for you guys to worry about already.
              $endgroup$
              – uhoh
              2 days ago




              $begingroup$
              as if a box full of marbles wasn't enough for you guys to worry about already.
              $endgroup$
              – uhoh
              2 days ago




              4




              4




              $begingroup$
              At least this debris field is expected to be short-lived, unlike the Chinese ASAT test.
              $endgroup$
              – Tristan
              2 days ago




              $begingroup$
              At least this debris field is expected to be short-lived, unlike the Chinese ASAT test.
              $endgroup$
              – Tristan
              2 days ago




              3




              3




              $begingroup$
              Not sure if the debris cloud will be short-lived, since it is a low solar activity period.
              $endgroup$
              – Harish
              2 days ago




              $begingroup$
              Not sure if the debris cloud will be short-lived, since it is a low solar activity period.
              $endgroup$
              – Harish
              2 days ago




              2




              2




              $begingroup$
              Even at nearly record low solar activity, orbit lifetimes with perigees below 300 km are many orders of magnitude shorter than those at 900-ish km.
              $endgroup$
              – Tristan
              yesterday




              $begingroup$
              Even at nearly record low solar activity, orbit lifetimes with perigees below 300 km are many orders of magnitude shorter than those at 900-ish km.
              $endgroup$
              – Tristan
              yesterday












              $begingroup$
              As of 13:46 UTC on 29 March 2019, no TLEs related to the event have been released.
              $endgroup$
              – Tristan
              12 hours ago




              $begingroup$
              As of 13:46 UTC on 29 March 2019, no TLEs related to the event have been released.
              $endgroup$
              – Tristan
              12 hours ago











              1












              $begingroup$

              I'll just follow up a bit on the collision.



              Per tweet and tweet and answer and answer and post:



              • launch 5:40 UT (27 March 2019)

              • MICROSAT-r 43947, 2019-006A

              • over Abdul Kalam Island 5:42 UT

              I've put a recent TLE into Skyfield and we can see that the satellite was moving north from the equator towards Abdul Kalam Island, India. According to the image in India's surprise ASAT test of 27 March 2019 the launch was somewhat south over the ocean to meet it.



              At 05:42 the altitude was about 281 km and the velocity 7.73 km/s.



              MICROSAT-R 
              1 43947U 19006A 19086.74388517 .07448791 20151+0 12875-1 0 9992
              2 43947 96.7526 0.1883 0022976 252.9519 167.8627 16.09438738 9918


              enter image description here



              enter image description here Source



              # https://celestrak.com/satcat/
              TLE = """MICROSAT-R
              1 43947U 19006A 19086.74388517 .07448791 20151+0 12875-1 0 9992
              2 43947 96.7526 0.1883 0022976 252.9519 167.8627 16.09438738 9918"""
              name, L1, L2 = TLE.splitlines()

              # https://twitter.com/DutchSpace/status/1110833431523545088
              # https://twitter.com/Marco_Langbroek/status/1110861054010105858
              # https://sattrackcam.blogspot.com/2019/03/indias-surprise-asat-test-of-27-march.html
              # launch 5:40 UT (27 March 2019)
              # over 5:42 UT on 27 March 2019
              # Abdul Kalam island on the Indian East Coast
              # 20.757N, 87.084E

              import numpy as np
              import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
              from skyfield.api import Topos, Loader, EarthSatellite

              load = Loader('~/Documents/fishing/SkyData') # single instance for big files
              ts = load.timescale()
              de421 = load('de421.bsp')
              earth = de421['earth']

              Abdul_Kalam_Island = earth + Topos(latitude_degrees = +20.757,
              longitude_degrees = +87.084,
              elevation_m = 10.0)
              minutes = np.arange(35, 50, 0.1)
              times = ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, minutes)

              MICROSAT_r = earth + EarthSatellite(L1, L2)

              astrometric = Abdul_Kalam_Island.at(times).observe(MICROSAT_r)
              alt, az, d = astrometric.apparent().altaz(pressure_mbar=0)

              pos_42 = earth.at(ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, 42)).observe(MICROSAT_r).position.km
              vel_42 = earth.at(ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, 42)).observe(MICROSAT_r).velocity.km_per_s

              r = np.sqrt((pos_42**2).sum())
              v = np.sqrt((vel_42**2).sum())
              print pos_42
              print r
              print r - 6378.137
              print v

              if True:
              plt.figure()
              plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
              plt.plot(minutes, alt.degrees)
              plt.ylabel('elevation (deg)', fontsize=16)
              plt.ylim(0, 90)
              plt.xlim(35, 50)

              plt.subplot(3, 1, 2)
              plt.plot(minutes, az.degrees)
              plt.ylabel('azimuth (deg)', fontsize=16)
              plt.ylim(0, 360)
              plt.xlim(35, 50)

              plt.subplot(3, 1, 3)
              plt.plot(minutes, d.km)
              plt.ylabel('range (km)', fontsize=16)
              plt.xlabel('time after 05:00 (minutes)', fontsize=16)
              plt.ylim(250, 500)
              plt.xlim(35, 50)

              plt.suptitle('MICROSAT-r vs Abdul Kalam Island, 27-03-2019 UTC', fontsize=16)
              plt.show()





              share|improve this answer











              $endgroup$

















                1












                $begingroup$

                I'll just follow up a bit on the collision.



                Per tweet and tweet and answer and answer and post:



                • launch 5:40 UT (27 March 2019)

                • MICROSAT-r 43947, 2019-006A

                • over Abdul Kalam Island 5:42 UT

                I've put a recent TLE into Skyfield and we can see that the satellite was moving north from the equator towards Abdul Kalam Island, India. According to the image in India's surprise ASAT test of 27 March 2019 the launch was somewhat south over the ocean to meet it.



                At 05:42 the altitude was about 281 km and the velocity 7.73 km/s.



                MICROSAT-R 
                1 43947U 19006A 19086.74388517 .07448791 20151+0 12875-1 0 9992
                2 43947 96.7526 0.1883 0022976 252.9519 167.8627 16.09438738 9918


                enter image description here



                enter image description here Source



                # https://celestrak.com/satcat/
                TLE = """MICROSAT-R
                1 43947U 19006A 19086.74388517 .07448791 20151+0 12875-1 0 9992
                2 43947 96.7526 0.1883 0022976 252.9519 167.8627 16.09438738 9918"""
                name, L1, L2 = TLE.splitlines()

                # https://twitter.com/DutchSpace/status/1110833431523545088
                # https://twitter.com/Marco_Langbroek/status/1110861054010105858
                # https://sattrackcam.blogspot.com/2019/03/indias-surprise-asat-test-of-27-march.html
                # launch 5:40 UT (27 March 2019)
                # over 5:42 UT on 27 March 2019
                # Abdul Kalam island on the Indian East Coast
                # 20.757N, 87.084E

                import numpy as np
                import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
                from skyfield.api import Topos, Loader, EarthSatellite

                load = Loader('~/Documents/fishing/SkyData') # single instance for big files
                ts = load.timescale()
                de421 = load('de421.bsp')
                earth = de421['earth']

                Abdul_Kalam_Island = earth + Topos(latitude_degrees = +20.757,
                longitude_degrees = +87.084,
                elevation_m = 10.0)
                minutes = np.arange(35, 50, 0.1)
                times = ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, minutes)

                MICROSAT_r = earth + EarthSatellite(L1, L2)

                astrometric = Abdul_Kalam_Island.at(times).observe(MICROSAT_r)
                alt, az, d = astrometric.apparent().altaz(pressure_mbar=0)

                pos_42 = earth.at(ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, 42)).observe(MICROSAT_r).position.km
                vel_42 = earth.at(ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, 42)).observe(MICROSAT_r).velocity.km_per_s

                r = np.sqrt((pos_42**2).sum())
                v = np.sqrt((vel_42**2).sum())
                print pos_42
                print r
                print r - 6378.137
                print v

                if True:
                plt.figure()
                plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
                plt.plot(minutes, alt.degrees)
                plt.ylabel('elevation (deg)', fontsize=16)
                plt.ylim(0, 90)
                plt.xlim(35, 50)

                plt.subplot(3, 1, 2)
                plt.plot(minutes, az.degrees)
                plt.ylabel('azimuth (deg)', fontsize=16)
                plt.ylim(0, 360)
                plt.xlim(35, 50)

                plt.subplot(3, 1, 3)
                plt.plot(minutes, d.km)
                plt.ylabel('range (km)', fontsize=16)
                plt.xlabel('time after 05:00 (minutes)', fontsize=16)
                plt.ylim(250, 500)
                plt.xlim(35, 50)

                plt.suptitle('MICROSAT-r vs Abdul Kalam Island, 27-03-2019 UTC', fontsize=16)
                plt.show()





                share|improve this answer











                $endgroup$















                  1












                  1








                  1





                  $begingroup$

                  I'll just follow up a bit on the collision.



                  Per tweet and tweet and answer and answer and post:



                  • launch 5:40 UT (27 March 2019)

                  • MICROSAT-r 43947, 2019-006A

                  • over Abdul Kalam Island 5:42 UT

                  I've put a recent TLE into Skyfield and we can see that the satellite was moving north from the equator towards Abdul Kalam Island, India. According to the image in India's surprise ASAT test of 27 March 2019 the launch was somewhat south over the ocean to meet it.



                  At 05:42 the altitude was about 281 km and the velocity 7.73 km/s.



                  MICROSAT-R 
                  1 43947U 19006A 19086.74388517 .07448791 20151+0 12875-1 0 9992
                  2 43947 96.7526 0.1883 0022976 252.9519 167.8627 16.09438738 9918


                  enter image description here



                  enter image description here Source



                  # https://celestrak.com/satcat/
                  TLE = """MICROSAT-R
                  1 43947U 19006A 19086.74388517 .07448791 20151+0 12875-1 0 9992
                  2 43947 96.7526 0.1883 0022976 252.9519 167.8627 16.09438738 9918"""
                  name, L1, L2 = TLE.splitlines()

                  # https://twitter.com/DutchSpace/status/1110833431523545088
                  # https://twitter.com/Marco_Langbroek/status/1110861054010105858
                  # https://sattrackcam.blogspot.com/2019/03/indias-surprise-asat-test-of-27-march.html
                  # launch 5:40 UT (27 March 2019)
                  # over 5:42 UT on 27 March 2019
                  # Abdul Kalam island on the Indian East Coast
                  # 20.757N, 87.084E

                  import numpy as np
                  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
                  from skyfield.api import Topos, Loader, EarthSatellite

                  load = Loader('~/Documents/fishing/SkyData') # single instance for big files
                  ts = load.timescale()
                  de421 = load('de421.bsp')
                  earth = de421['earth']

                  Abdul_Kalam_Island = earth + Topos(latitude_degrees = +20.757,
                  longitude_degrees = +87.084,
                  elevation_m = 10.0)
                  minutes = np.arange(35, 50, 0.1)
                  times = ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, minutes)

                  MICROSAT_r = earth + EarthSatellite(L1, L2)

                  astrometric = Abdul_Kalam_Island.at(times).observe(MICROSAT_r)
                  alt, az, d = astrometric.apparent().altaz(pressure_mbar=0)

                  pos_42 = earth.at(ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, 42)).observe(MICROSAT_r).position.km
                  vel_42 = earth.at(ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, 42)).observe(MICROSAT_r).velocity.km_per_s

                  r = np.sqrt((pos_42**2).sum())
                  v = np.sqrt((vel_42**2).sum())
                  print pos_42
                  print r
                  print r - 6378.137
                  print v

                  if True:
                  plt.figure()
                  plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
                  plt.plot(minutes, alt.degrees)
                  plt.ylabel('elevation (deg)', fontsize=16)
                  plt.ylim(0, 90)
                  plt.xlim(35, 50)

                  plt.subplot(3, 1, 2)
                  plt.plot(minutes, az.degrees)
                  plt.ylabel('azimuth (deg)', fontsize=16)
                  plt.ylim(0, 360)
                  plt.xlim(35, 50)

                  plt.subplot(3, 1, 3)
                  plt.plot(minutes, d.km)
                  plt.ylabel('range (km)', fontsize=16)
                  plt.xlabel('time after 05:00 (minutes)', fontsize=16)
                  plt.ylim(250, 500)
                  plt.xlim(35, 50)

                  plt.suptitle('MICROSAT-r vs Abdul Kalam Island, 27-03-2019 UTC', fontsize=16)
                  plt.show()





                  share|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$



                  I'll just follow up a bit on the collision.



                  Per tweet and tweet and answer and answer and post:



                  • launch 5:40 UT (27 March 2019)

                  • MICROSAT-r 43947, 2019-006A

                  • over Abdul Kalam Island 5:42 UT

                  I've put a recent TLE into Skyfield and we can see that the satellite was moving north from the equator towards Abdul Kalam Island, India. According to the image in India's surprise ASAT test of 27 March 2019 the launch was somewhat south over the ocean to meet it.



                  At 05:42 the altitude was about 281 km and the velocity 7.73 km/s.



                  MICROSAT-R 
                  1 43947U 19006A 19086.74388517 .07448791 20151+0 12875-1 0 9992
                  2 43947 96.7526 0.1883 0022976 252.9519 167.8627 16.09438738 9918


                  enter image description here



                  enter image description here Source



                  # https://celestrak.com/satcat/
                  TLE = """MICROSAT-R
                  1 43947U 19006A 19086.74388517 .07448791 20151+0 12875-1 0 9992
                  2 43947 96.7526 0.1883 0022976 252.9519 167.8627 16.09438738 9918"""
                  name, L1, L2 = TLE.splitlines()

                  # https://twitter.com/DutchSpace/status/1110833431523545088
                  # https://twitter.com/Marco_Langbroek/status/1110861054010105858
                  # https://sattrackcam.blogspot.com/2019/03/indias-surprise-asat-test-of-27-march.html
                  # launch 5:40 UT (27 March 2019)
                  # over 5:42 UT on 27 March 2019
                  # Abdul Kalam island on the Indian East Coast
                  # 20.757N, 87.084E

                  import numpy as np
                  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
                  from skyfield.api import Topos, Loader, EarthSatellite

                  load = Loader('~/Documents/fishing/SkyData') # single instance for big files
                  ts = load.timescale()
                  de421 = load('de421.bsp')
                  earth = de421['earth']

                  Abdul_Kalam_Island = earth + Topos(latitude_degrees = +20.757,
                  longitude_degrees = +87.084,
                  elevation_m = 10.0)
                  minutes = np.arange(35, 50, 0.1)
                  times = ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, minutes)

                  MICROSAT_r = earth + EarthSatellite(L1, L2)

                  astrometric = Abdul_Kalam_Island.at(times).observe(MICROSAT_r)
                  alt, az, d = astrometric.apparent().altaz(pressure_mbar=0)

                  pos_42 = earth.at(ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, 42)).observe(MICROSAT_r).position.km
                  vel_42 = earth.at(ts.utc(2019, 3, 27, 5, 42)).observe(MICROSAT_r).velocity.km_per_s

                  r = np.sqrt((pos_42**2).sum())
                  v = np.sqrt((vel_42**2).sum())
                  print pos_42
                  print r
                  print r - 6378.137
                  print v

                  if True:
                  plt.figure()
                  plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
                  plt.plot(minutes, alt.degrees)
                  plt.ylabel('elevation (deg)', fontsize=16)
                  plt.ylim(0, 90)
                  plt.xlim(35, 50)

                  plt.subplot(3, 1, 2)
                  plt.plot(minutes, az.degrees)
                  plt.ylabel('azimuth (deg)', fontsize=16)
                  plt.ylim(0, 360)
                  plt.xlim(35, 50)

                  plt.subplot(3, 1, 3)
                  plt.plot(minutes, d.km)
                  plt.ylabel('range (km)', fontsize=16)
                  plt.xlabel('time after 05:00 (minutes)', fontsize=16)
                  plt.ylim(250, 500)
                  plt.xlim(35, 50)

                  plt.suptitle('MICROSAT-r vs Abdul Kalam Island, 27-03-2019 UTC', fontsize=16)
                  plt.show()






                  share|improve this answer














                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer








                  edited 22 hours ago

























                  answered 22 hours ago









                  uhohuhoh

                  39.9k18149502




                  39.9k18149502



























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Bosnia-Hercegovina and the Congress of Berlin.The Balkan Wars and the Partition of Macedonia.The Falcon and the Eagle: Montenegro and Austria-Hungary, 1908-1914.Typhus fever on the eastern front in World War I.Anniversary of WWI battle marked in Serbia.La derrota austriaca en los Balcanes. Fin del Imperio Austro-Húngaro.Imperio austriaco y Reino de Hungría.Los tiempos modernos: del capitalismo a la globalización, siglos XVII al XXI.The period of Croatia within ex-Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia: Much in a Name.Las dictaduras europeas.Croacia: mito y realidad."Crods ask arms".Prólogo a la invasión.La campaña de los Balcanes.La resistencia en Yugoslavia.Jasenovac Research Institute.Día en memoria de las víctimas del genocidio en la Segunda Guerra Mundial.El infierno estuvo en Jasenovac.Croacia empieza a «desenterrar» a sus muertos de Jasenovac.World fascism: a historical encyclopedia, Volumen 1.Tito. Josip Broz.El nuevo orden y la resistencia.La conquista del poder.Algunos aspectos de la economía yugoslava a mediados de 1962.Albania-Kosovo crisis.De Kosovo a Kosova: una visión demográfica.La crisis de la economía yugoslava y la política de "estabilización".Milosevic: el poder de un absolutista."Serbia under Milošević: politics in the 1990s"Milosevic cavó en Kosovo la tumba de la antigua Yugoslavia.La ONU exculpa a Serbia de genocidio en la guerra de Bosnia.Slobodan Milosevic, el burócrata que supo usar el odio.Es la fuerza contra el sufrimiento de muchos inocentes.Matanza de civiles al bombardear la OTAN un puente mientras pasaba un tren.Las consecuencias negativas de los bombardeos de Yugoslavia se sentirán aún durante largo tiempo.Kostunica advierte que la misión de Europa en Kosovo es ilegal.Las 24 horas más largas en la vida de Slobodan Milosevic.Serbia declara la guerra a la mafia por matar a Djindjic.Tadic presentará "quizás en diciembre" la solicitud de entrada en la UE.Montenegro declara su independencia de Serbia.Serbia se declara estado soberano tras separación de Montenegro.«Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence by the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government of Kosovo (Request for Advisory Opinion)»Mladic pasa por el médico antes de la audiencia para extraditarloDatos de Serbia y Kosovo.The Carpathian Mountains.Position, Relief, Climate.Transport.Finding birds in Serbia.U Srbiji do 2010. godine 10% teritorije nacionalni parkovi.Geography.Serbia: Climate.Variability of Climate In Serbia In The Second Half of The 20thc Entury.BASIC CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE TERRITORY OF SERBIA.Fauna y flora: Serbia.Serbia and Montenegro.Información general sobre Serbia.Republic of Serbia Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA).Serbia recycling 15% of waste.Reform process of the Serbian energy sector.20-MW Wind Project Being Developed in Serbia.Las Naciones Unidas. Paz para Kosovo.Aniversario sin fiesta.Population by national or ethnic groups by Census 2002.Article 7. Coat of arms, flag and national anthem.Serbia, flag of.Historia.«Serbia and Montenegro in Pictures»Serbia.Serbia aprueba su nueva Constitución con un apoyo de más del 50%.Serbia. Population.«El nacionalista Nikolic gana las elecciones presidenciales en Serbia»El europeísta Borís Tadic gana la segunda vuelta de las presidenciales serbias.Aleksandar Vucic, de ultranacionalista serbio a fervoroso europeístaKostunica condena la declaración del "falso estado" de Kosovo.Comienza el debate sobre la independencia de Kosovo en el TIJ.La Corte Internacional de Justicia dice que Kosovo no violó el derecho internacional al declarar su independenciaKosovo: Enviado de la ONU advierte tensiones y fragilidad.«Bruselas recomienda negociar la adhesión de Serbia tras el acuerdo sobre Kosovo»Monografía de Serbia.Bez smanjivanja Vojske Srbije.Military statistics Serbia and Montenegro.Šutanovac: Vojni budžet za 2009. godinu 70 milijardi dinara.Serbia-Montenegro shortens obligatory military service to six months.No hay justicia para las víctimas de los bombardeos de la OTAN.Zapatero reitera la negativa de España a reconocer la independencia de Kosovo.Anniversary of the signing of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement.Detenido en Serbia Radovan Karadzic, el criminal de guerra más buscado de Europa."Serbia presentará su candidatura de acceso a la UE antes de fin de año".Serbia solicita la adhesión a la UE.Detenido el exgeneral serbobosnio Ratko Mladic, principal acusado del genocidio en los Balcanes«Lista de todos los Estados Miembros de las Naciones Unidas que son parte o signatarios en los diversos instrumentos de derechos humanos de las Naciones Unidas»versión pdfProtocolo Facultativo de la Convención sobre la Eliminación de todas las Formas de Discriminación contra la MujerConvención contra la tortura y otros tratos o penas crueles, inhumanos o degradantesversión pdfProtocolo Facultativo de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con DiscapacidadEl ACNUR recibe con beneplácito el envío de tropas de la OTAN a Kosovo y se prepara ante una posible llegada de refugiados a Serbia.Kosovo.- El jefe de la Minuk denuncia que los serbios boicotearon las legislativas por 'presiones'.Bosnia and Herzegovina. Population.Datos básicos de Montenegro, historia y evolución política.Serbia y Montenegro. Indicador: Tasa global de fecundidad (por 1000 habitantes).Serbia y Montenegro. Indicador: Tasa bruta de mortalidad (por 1000 habitantes).Population.Falleció el patriarca de la Iglesia Ortodoxa serbia.Atacan en Kosovo autobuses con peregrinos tras la investidura del patriarca serbio IrinejSerbian in Hungary.Tasas de cambio."Kosovo es de todos sus ciudadanos".Report for Serbia.Country groups by income.GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA 1997–2007.Economic Trends in the Republic of Serbia 2006.National Accounts Statitics.Саопштења за јавност.GDP per inhabitant varied by one to six across the EU27 Member States.Un pacto de estabilidad para Serbia.Unemployment rate rises in Serbia.Serbia, Belarus agree free trade to woo investors.Serbia, Turkey call investors to Serbia.Success Stories.U.S. Private Investment in Serbia and Montenegro.Positive trend.Banks in Serbia.La Cámara de Comercio acompaña a empresas madrileñas a Serbia y Croacia.Serbia Industries.Energy and mining.Agriculture.Late crops, fruit and grapes output, 2008.Rebranding Serbia: A Hobby Shortly to Become a Full-Time Job.Final data on livestock statistics, 2008.Serbian cell-phone users.U Srbiji sve više računara.Телекомуникације.U Srbiji 27 odsto gradjana koristi Internet.Serbia and Montenegro.Тренд гледаности програма РТС-а у 2008. и 2009.години.Serbian railways.General Terms.El mercado del transporte aéreo en Serbia.Statistics.Vehículos de motor registrados.Planes ambiciosos para el transporte fluvial.Turismo.Turistički promet u Republici Srbiji u periodu januar-novembar 2007. godine.Your Guide to Culture.Novi Sad - city of culture.Nis - european crossroads.Serbia. Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List .Stari Ras and Sopoćani.Studenica Monastery.Medieval Monuments in Kosovo.Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius.Skiing and snowboarding in Kopaonik.Tara.New7Wonders of Nature Finalists.Pilgrimage of Saint Sava.Exit Festival: Best european festival.Banje u Srbiji.«The Encyclopedia of world history»Culture.Centenario del arte serbio.«Djordje Andrejevic Kun: el único pintor de los brigadistas yugoslavos de la guerra civil española»About the museum.The collections.Miroslav Gospel – Manuscript from 1180.Historicity in the Serbo-Croatian Heroic Epic.Culture and Sport.Conversación con el rector del Seminario San Sava.'Reina Margot' funde drama, historia y gesto con música de Goran Bregovic.Serbia gana Eurovisión y España decepciona de nuevo con un vigésimo puesto.Home.Story.Emir Kusturica.Tercer oro para Paskaljevic.Nikola Tesla Year.Home.Tesla, un genio tomado por loco.Aniversario de la muerte de Nikola Tesla.El Museo Nikola Tesla en Belgrado.El inventor del mundo actual.República de Serbia.University of Belgrade official statistics.University of Novi Sad.University of Kragujevac.University of Nis.Comida. Cocina serbia.Cooking.Montenegro se convertirá en el miembro 204 del movimiento olímpico.España, campeona de Europa de baloncesto.El Partizan de Belgrado se corona campeón por octava vez consecutiva.Serbia se clasifica para el Mundial de 2010 de Sudáfrica.Serbia Name Squad For Northern Ireland And South Korea Tests.Fútbol.- El Partizán de Belgrado se proclama campeón de la Liga serbia.Clasificacion final Mundial de balonmano Croacia 2009.Serbia vence a España y se consagra campeón mundial de waterpolo.Novak Djokovic no convence pero gana en Australia.Gana Ana Ivanovic el Roland Garros.Serena Williams gana el US Open por tercera vez.Biography.Bradt Travel Guide SerbiaThe Encyclopedia of World War IGobierno de SerbiaPortal del Gobierno de SerbiaPresidencia de SerbiaAsamblea Nacional SerbiaMinisterio de Asuntos exteriores de SerbiaBanco Nacional de SerbiaAgencia Serbia para la Promoción de la Inversión y la ExportaciónOficina de Estadísticas de SerbiaCIA. Factbook 2008Organización nacional de turismo de SerbiaDiscover SerbiaConoce SerbiaNoticias de SerbiaSerbiaWorldCat1512028760000 0000 9526 67094054598-2n8519591900570825ge1309191004530741010url17413117006669D055771Serbia